What anticipatory guidance should the nurse provide for new parents regarding sociologic changes?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it addresses the potential strains on relationships that can occur after the birth of a child. New parents often experience changes in their relationship dynamics due to increased responsibilities, sleep deprivation, and shifts in priorities. By preparing them for these possible strains, the nurse can help them navigate these challenges effectively. A is incorrect because roles often do change at home with the arrival of a newborn. B is incorrect as stresses can actually increase after the baby is born. C is incorrect as it dismisses the importance of addressing household changes and potential stressors.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Maternal circulating blood volume increases temporarily during contractions. 1. During contractions, the uterus contracts, temporarily reducing blood flow to the placenta and increasing blood volume in the maternal circulation. 2. This temporary increase in blood volume can affect vital signs, such as blood pressure and heart rate. 3. Assessing maternal vital signs between contractions provides a more accurate baseline reading. 4. Choice A is incorrect because vital signs taken during contractions may be affected by the temporary increase in blood volume. 5. Choice B is incorrect as assessing fetal heart rate is a separate priority and not directly related to maternal vital signs. 6. Choice C is incorrect as maternal blood flow to the heart is not reduced during contractions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Increased blood volume. During pregnancy, a woman's blood volume increases by about 30-50% to support the growing fetus and prepare for potential blood loss during childbirth. This increased blood volume helps pregnant patients tolerate the normal blood loss associated with childbirth without experiencing severe complications like hypovolemic shock. Rationale: A: A higher hematocrit would not directly contribute to increased blood volume and would not help in tolerating blood loss during childbirth. B: Increased leukocytes are part of the immune response and are not directly related to blood volume or tolerance to blood loss. D: A lower fibrinogen level would not directly contribute to increased blood volume and would not help in tolerating blood loss during childbirth. Summary: Choice C is correct because increased blood volume is a crucial physiologic adaptation during pregnancy that enables pregnant patients to tolerate the normal blood loss associated with childbirth. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they are not directly related to this

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Flexion. Flexion of the fetal head is crucial for the smallest anterior-posterior diameter to enter the pelvis first. This position optimizes the fit of the fetal head through the maternal pelvis, reducing the risk of complications during labor. Station (A) refers to the level of the presenting part in the pelvis, descent (C) is the downward movement of the fetus, and engagement (D) is when the widest diameter of the fetal head passes through the maternal pelvic inlet. However, these factors do not specifically address the orientation of the fetal head to ensure the smallest diameter enters the pelvis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because during the active phase of labor, the cervix dilates from 4 to 7 centimeters, and the patient typically experiences the urge to push as the baby descends further down the birth canal. This indicates progress in labor and readiness for the second stage. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not specifically align with the characteristics of the active phase of labor. Choice A is not necessarily indicative of the active phase, choice B may happen at any stage of labor, and choice D is more characteristic of transition phase rather than the active phase.