What alternative could the nurse suggest to someone practicing pica?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and maternal health, addressing pica (the craving and consumption of non-food substances) is crucial to ensure the well-being of both the mother and the developing fetus. When suggesting alternatives to someone practicing pica, it is important to consider nutritional value, safety, and the potential impact on the pregnancy. Option B, replacing ice with frozen fruit juice, is the correct choice because it provides a safe and potentially nutritious alternative to satisfy the craving for something cold and crunchy. Frozen fruit juice can offer vitamins and minerals, unlike ice which lacks any nutritional value. This substitution can help address the underlying deficiencies or cravings driving the pica behavior. Options A, C, and D are incorrect choices because they do not address the nutritional deficiencies or safety concerns associated with pica. Substituting laundry starch with salt, soap with cream cheese, or soil with uncooked pie crust does not provide a healthier or safer alternative for someone practicing pica. In fact, these substitutions may introduce new risks or health hazards, especially during pregnancy. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of understanding pica in the context of maternal health and the role of healthcare providers, particularly nurses, in addressing and managing this condition. By selecting the correct alternative, nurses can support pregnant individuals in making healthier choices to meet their cravings while safeguarding their well-being and that of their unborn child.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Lanugo typically appears around 16-20 weeks and covers the entire body by 22-24 weeks. Nails begin forming at around 18-20 weeks and are fully developed by 22 weeks. Fused eyelids occur up until about 24-26 weeks, after which they open. Quickening (feeling of fetal movement) usually occurs between 18-22 weeks in first-time pregnancies. Therefore, the most likely gestational age is 22 weeks.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Chorion. In the context of advanced maternal age monitoring, understanding embryonic development is crucial. The chorion is the outermost membrane of the amniotic sac and is responsible for developing fingerlike projections, called chorionic villi, which attach to the uterine wall to establish the placenta. This attachment is vital for nutrient and waste exchange between the maternal and fetal circulatory systems. Option A) Amnion is incorrect because it is the innermost membrane surrounding the embryo and contains the amniotic fluid, providing cushioning and protection to the developing fetus. The amnion does not have fingerlike projections that attach to the uterine wall. Option B) Yolk sac is incorrect as it plays a role in early embryonic development by providing nourishment to the embryo before the placenta is fully functional. The yolk sac is not involved in the attachment to the uterine wall. Option D) Decidua basalis is incorrect because it refers to the part of the endometrium that lies beneath the implanted embryo and contributes to the formation of the placenta. It is not an embryonic membrane containing fingerlike projections for attachment. Understanding the specific functions and structures of embryonic membranes is essential in obstetrics and pharmacology, especially when monitoring pregnancies in women of advanced maternal age where complications may arise that require a deep understanding of embryonic development and placental function.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and monitoring pregnancy, understanding the role of placental hormones is essential. The correct answer to the question is C) Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone produced by the placenta after implantation occurs. It is the hormone detected in pregnancy tests as it is secreted by the developing placenta early in pregnancy. Therefore, a positive pregnancy test indicates the presence of hCG in the woman's urine or blood. Progesterone (Option A) is an important hormone in pregnancy as it helps maintain the uterine lining to support pregnancy, but it is not typically measured in pregnancy tests. Estrogen (Option B) also plays a crucial role in pregnancy by promoting fetal development, but it is not the primary hormone measured in pregnancy tests. Human placental lactogen (Option D) is produced by the placenta and helps regulate maternal metabolic adaptations during pregnancy, but it is not the hormone typically measured in pregnancy tests. Educationally, understanding which hormone is measured in pregnancy tests is crucial for healthcare professionals working in obstetrics and gynecology, family medicine, and other related fields. This knowledge allows for accurate interpretation of test results and appropriate patient counseling regarding pregnancy confirmation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In embryonic development, the mesoderm is one of the three primary germ layers, giving rise to various structures in the body including muscles. Understanding this concept is crucial in pharmacology, especially in the context of maternal age monitoring where fetal development plays a significant role. Option A, nails, are derived from the ectoderm which gives rise to the integumentary system. Option B, oil glands, are also derived from the ectoderm as they are part of the skin structure. Option D, lining of the bladder, is derived from the endoderm which forms the innermost layer of various organs. Educationally, knowing the embryonic origins of different structures helps pharmacologists understand drug effects on specific tissues and organs. In the context of advanced maternal age monitoring, this knowledge can guide healthcare professionals in assessing potential developmental issues in the fetus and making informed decisions regarding maternal and fetal health.