What agents are used primarily to treat cardiac-related conditions? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Drugs that block both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors are primarily used to treat cardiac-related conditions. Phentolamine, a nonselective alpha-adrenergic blocking agent, is used to treat extravasation of IV norepinephrine or dopamine and hypertension related to a pheochromocytoma. Alpha1-selective adrenergic blocking agents are used for treatment of hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia. The beta-adrenergic blocking agents are used to treat cardiovascular problems (hypertension, angina, migraine headaches) and to prevent reinfarction after myocardial infarction. Beta1-selective adrenergic blocking agents are used for treating hypertension, angina, and some cardiac arrhythmias. The nurse should understand the indications for these agents to ensure safe and effective administration.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Omeprazole belongs to the therapeutic class of antiulcer agents. It is a proton pump inhibitor that works by decreasing the amount of acid produced in the stomach. Omeprazole is commonly used to treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastric ulcers, and duodenal ulcers. It helps reduce symptoms such as heartburn, acid reflux, and stomach pain by promoting healing of the stomach lining.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Metoprolol, a beta-blocker, can cause bradycardia. The nurse must assess the patient’s heart rate before administration to ensure it is within a safe range (typically >60 beats/minute). Respirations (A), temperature (B), and oxygen saturation (D) are less critical for metoprolol administration.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Mefloquine is an antimalarial drug that can cause hepatotoxicity, so liver enzyme tests are often ordered to monitor for liver damage. Blood glucose, sputum culture, and white blood cell count are not directly related to mefloquine use.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Omeprazole is classified as an antiulcer agent. It belongs to the class of medications known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which work by reducing the production of stomach acid. Omeprazole is commonly used to treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Its main therapeutic effects include reducing stomach acid secretion and promoting the healing of ulcers.