What activity is the public health nurse (PHN) participating in when tracing the sexual contacts of clients with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) for potential screening purposes?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Secondary prevention. In this scenario, the PHN is engaging in secondary prevention by tracing the sexual contacts of clients with STIs to prevent the spread of infections and provide early detection through screening. Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and intervention to reduce the impact of a disease. Choice A (Primary prevention) aims to prevent the occurrence of a disease before it occurs, while Choice C (Tertiary prevention) involves managing and treating existing conditions to prevent complications. Choice D (Secondary and tertiary prevention) is incorrect as the PHN's activity specifically aligns with secondary prevention only.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Teaching self-care to the client. This is because empowering the client to perform self-care tasks promotes independence and self-esteem. By teaching the client self-care techniques, the home health nurse helps the client regain control over their daily activities. This approach fosters self-reliance and encourages the client to actively participate in their own care, leading to better outcomes in rehabilitation. Choice A is incorrect because relying solely on private duty nurses may hinder the client's independence and self-efficacy. Choice B is also not the best option as simply assisting the client with ADLs does not encourage the client to develop skills for self-care. Choice D is not ideal as it shifts the responsibility to the family rather than empowering the client directly. Ultimately, teaching self-care to the client is the most effective way to support their recovery and enhance their quality of life.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Primary prevention. This activity is focused on preventing vision problems before they occur, making it a primary prevention measure. By conducting visual acuity testing for all students, the CHN aims to identify potential issues early on and provide interventions to promote eye health. Secondary prevention (B) would involve early detection and treatment of existing vision problems, while tertiary prevention (C) would focus on managing and reducing the impact of already diagnosed vision issues. Choice D is incorrect because the activity is primarily aimed at preventing vision problems rather than detecting and treating existing ones.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Secondary prevention. The OHN conducting spirometry testing for employees working with hazardous gases is practicing secondary prevention. This is because spirometry testing helps in early detection of lung function abnormalities, allowing for timely interventions to prevent further health deterioration. Primary prevention focuses on preventing the onset of a disease, while tertiary prevention involves managing and treating existing conditions. Tertiary care typically refers to specialized medical treatment for complex health issues, which is not the main focus of spirometry testing in this scenario.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Psychosocial hazards. Employees working in two-week shifts are more prone to psychosocial hazards such as stress, fatigue, and social isolation due to disrupted sleep patterns and lack of work-life balance. This can lead to mental health issues and decreased job performance. Biological hazards (A), environmental hazards (B), and physical hazards (C) are less likely to be significantly impacted by the specific work schedule and are not as directly related to the challenges faced by employees working in two-week shifts.