What activity is associated with traumatic brain injury in the young?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Playing sports. Traumatic brain injuries in the young often occur during high-impact sports due to falls, collisions, or blows to the head. This is supported by research showing a high incidence of sports-related head injuries in youth. Driving cars (B) can also lead to head injuries, but it is not as common in the young. Scuba diving (C) can cause decompression sickness but is less likely to result in a traumatic brain injury. Suffocation (D) can lead to brain damage, but it is not typically associated with traumatic brain injury in the young.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because safety performance is influenced by the interaction of Ability, Motivation, and Opportunity. Ability represents the skills and knowledge to perform safely, Motivation reflects the willingness and drive to prioritize safety, and Opportunity refers to the resources and support available to maintain a safe environment. Multiplying these factors signifies their combined effect on safety performance. Option B (Ability + Motivation + Opportunity) is incorrect as it implies a simple addition of factors, which does not capture the interconnected nature of these components. Option C (Skill + Knowledge + Ability) is incorrect as it fails to include Motivation and Opportunity, which are crucial aspects of safety performance. Option D (Skill x Knowledge x Ability) is incorrect as it focuses solely on individual attributes rather than considering the dynamic interplay of Ability, Motivation, and Opportunity.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because incentives in behaviour-based safety programs should be tied to behaviors under individual control to reinforce desired safety actions. This ensures that employees are motivated to actively engage in safe behaviors. Feedback is essential in behavior-based safety programs, so option A is incorrect. Using incentives in place of employee training (option B) is not effective as training is essential for developing safety knowledge and skills. Incentive programs should not manipulate employees' behavior (option C) but rather encourage and reward positive safety actions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: developing explicit and enacted policies on safety. Senior management plays a crucial role in shaping the safety climate of an organization. By developing clear and comprehensive safety policies, they set the tone for safe practices throughout the organization. These policies provide guidelines for employees to follow, demonstrate the organization's commitment to safety, and create a framework for addressing safety concerns. Monitoring personal protective equipment (A) is important but is more of an operational task. Praising new hires for transfer of training (C) is positive reinforcement but not directly related to safety climate. Reporting employees for unsafe behavior (D) can create a culture of fear and hinder open communication about safety issues.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: inspirational motivation. Transformational leaders inspire and motivate their followers to achieve high levels of performance by setting high expectations. Inspirational motivation involves creating a compelling vision and communicating high expectations to followers to encourage them to achieve their best. This dimension focuses on energizing and inspiring followers to achieve collective goals through optimism and enthusiasm. A: Idealized influence involves serving as a role model and gaining trust and respect from followers. C: Intellectual stimulation involves encouraging creativity, innovation, and critical thinking among followers. D: Individualized consideration involves providing personalized support and coaching to meet the needs of individual followers.