Water loss due to evaporation of a fluid that has penetrated through the skin is termed:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Latent. Evaporation of a fluid through the skin is considered latent water loss because it occurs without any noticeable signs or symptoms. This type of water loss is not easily perceptible and may not be readily apparent to an individual. Sensible water loss (choice A) refers to water loss that is easily measurable, such as through sweating. Intensible (choice C) and discrete (choice D) are not terms used to describe water loss through evaporation of fluids. Therefore, the correct term for water loss due to evaporation through the skin is latent.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Dandruff is caused by excessive shedding of dead skin cells on the scalp. 2. Inflammation around sebaceous glands can lead to increased production of sebum, which can contribute to dandruff. 3. Sebaceous glands produce oil that can mix with dead skin cells and lead to flaking. 4. Inactive apocrine sweat glands, inactive merocrine sweat glands, and overactive arrector pili muscles are not directly related to the production of skin flakes on the scalp. Summary: - Choice A is correct as inflammation around sebaceous glands can lead to increased sebum production, contributing to dandruff. - Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they are not directly associated with the production of dry skin flakes on the scalp.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because merocrine sweat glands secrete a watery fluid directly onto the surface of the skin through exocytosis. This process helps regulate body temperature by evaporative cooling. Choice B is incorrect as merocrine sweat glands are simple coiled tubular glands, not compound alveolar glands. Choice C is incorrect as the number and activity of merocrine sweat glands decrease with aging. Choice D is incorrect as body odor is primarily produced by apocrine sweat glands, not merocrine sweat glands.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Merocrine; sebaceous; apocrine. 1. Merocrine sweat glands are widely distributed across the body surface, responsible for regulating body temperature through evaporation. 2. Sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles, producing sebum to lubricate and protect the skin. 3. Apocrine sweat glands are found in specific areas like the armpits and groin, secreting a thicker sweat that can cause body odor. In summary, choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the distribution and functions of the different types of sweat glands as outlined in the question.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: skin. The skin forms the protective outer covering of the entire body, serving as a barrier against external elements and preventing dehydration. It also regulates body temperature and houses sensory receptors. Nevus (B) is a mole, not a protective covering. Polyp (C) is a growth in the body, not a protective covering. Bulla (D) is a large fluid-filled blister, not the protective outer covering of the body.