ATI RN
How to Study for ATI Pharmacology Proctored Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
Warfarin is an anticoagulant that…
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that works by inhibiting the production of certain clotting factors in the liver, specifically factors II, VII, IX, and X. By doing so, warfarin prevents the formation of new blood clots. It does not have the ability to dissolve existing blood clots, as that function is typically carried out by different types of medications known as thrombolytics. Warfarin is commonly prescribed to prevent and treat blood clots in conditions such as atrial fibrillation, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is obtaining a medication history on a patient presenting with chest pain. What drug classification would necessitate the nurse informing the provider before beginning the prescribed nitroglycerin?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator commonly used to treat angina and chest pain by relaxing blood vessels and increasing blood flow to the heart. When nitroglycerin is taken with phosphodiesterase inhibitors (such as sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil) used for erectile dysfunction, a profound drop in blood pressure can occur. This can lead to serious side effects like hypotension, dizziness, fainting, and even a potential risk of heart attack or stroke. Therefore, the nurse should inform the provider before administering nitroglycerin to a patient taking phosphodiesterase inhibitors to ensure safe medication management and possibly adjust the treatment plan as needed.
Question 3 of 5
What is the therapeutic classification of Omeprazole?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Omeprazole is classified as an antiulcer agent. It belongs to the class of medications known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which work by reducing the production of stomach acid. Omeprazole is commonly used to treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Its main therapeutic effects include reducing stomach acid secretion and promoting the healing of ulcers.
Question 4 of 5
A patient has been taking hydrocodone, and opioid analgesic for their
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Naloxone is the antidote commonly used to reverse the effects of opioid toxicity, including hydrocodone. Naloxone works by competitively binding to opioid receptors in the brain, displacing the opioid molecules, and reversing their effects. It effectively antagonizes the respiratory depression, sedation, and analgesic effects caused by opioids like hydrocodone. Administering naloxone can quickly reverse these dangerous effects and help restore respiratory function in cases of opioid overdose or toxicity. Naloxone is commonly used in emergency settings and can be administered intravenously, intramuscularly, or intranasally. It is crucial for healthcare providers to be familiar with naloxone and its administration in managing opioid toxicity.
Question 5 of 5
What agents are used primarily to treat cardiac-related conditions? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Drugs that block both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors are primarily used to treat cardiac-related conditions. Phentolamine, a nonselective alpha-adrenergic blocking agent, is used to treat extravasation of IV norepinephrine or dopamine and hypertension related to a pheochromocytoma. Alpha1-selective adrenergic blocking agents are used for treatment of hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia. The beta-adrenergic blocking agents are used to treat cardiovascular problems (hypertension, angina, migraine headaches) and to prevent reinfarction after myocardial infarction. Beta1-selective adrenergic blocking agents are used for treating hypertension, angina, and some cardiac arrhythmias. The nurse should understand the indications for these agents to ensure safe and effective administration.