Walking down the aisle of a local grocery store, a nurse encounters a client the nurse has recently cared for on an inpatient psychiatric setting. Which is the appropriate reaction by the nurse?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because making eye contact and responding if the client engages maintains professionalism and acknowledges the client's presence without compromising confidentiality. It shows respect and empathy, which are important in nursing practice. A: Inquiring about the client's well-being can breach confidentiality and may not be appropriate in a public setting. B: Ignoring the client can be seen as rude and may harm the therapeutic relationship. C: Talking to the client without using names may still breach confidentiality and does not fully acknowledge the client's presence.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Restating a feeling or thought the patient has expressed. This technique, known as reflective listening, shows active listening and empathy towards the patient. By restating the patient's feelings or thoughts, the nurse demonstrates understanding and encourages further communication. This approach validates the patient's emotions and promotes a therapeutic relationship. Choice B (Asking a direct question) may come off as interrogative and can feel less empathetic. Choice C (Making a judgment) can be perceived as dismissive or critical, hindering open communication. Choice D (Saying "I understand what you're saying") may seem insincere unless followed by specific examples of understanding.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Florence Nightingale emphasized holistic care in her publication "Notes on Nursing." 2. She advocated for considering physical, emotional, social, and spiritual aspects of patients' well-being. 3. This aligns with the holistic approach endorsed by the American Nurses Association in 1967. 4. Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory focuses on unconscious processes, not holistic care. 5. Hildegarde Peplau's theory emphasizes nurse-patient relationships, not specifically holistic care. 6. Clifford Beers' work focuses on his personal experience with mental illness, not holistic care. Summary: Florence Nightingale's "Notes on Nursing" is the correct choice as it aligns with the holistic approach endorsed by the American Nurses Association in 1967. Other options do not directly relate to holistic care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Interpersonal relations. Harry Stack Sullivan is known for his focus on interpersonal relations as a major concept in psychiatric-mental health nursing. Sullivan emphasized the importance of understanding and improving relationships between individuals as a key factor in mental health. He believed that a person's development and well-being are greatly influenced by their interactions with others. This concept is fundamental in psychiatric nursing practice as it guides therapeutic communication and relationship-building with patients. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly align with Sullivan's emphasis on interpersonal relations in the context of psychiatric-mental health nursing.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lithium. Lithium is considered the gold standard for treating bipolar disorder due to its proven efficacy in reducing manic episodes and preventing relapse. It has been used for decades and has a well-established track record. Additionally, lithium has a unique mechanism of action in stabilizing mood by modulating neurotransmitters. Carbamazepine, valproate, and lamotrigine are also used in treating bipolar disorder, but they are not considered the gold standard like lithium. Carbamazepine and valproate are typically used as alternative options or in combination with other medications, while lamotrigine is often used for bipolar depression rather than mania.