Waldeyer's ring does not include:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: submandibular glands. Waldeyer's ring consists of the pharyngeal tonsil (adenoids), tubal tonsils, palatine tonsils (faucal tonsils), and lingual tonsils. The submandibular glands are salivary glands located outside of Waldeyer's ring. The other choices are incorrect because they are all part of Waldeyer's ring, which is a ring of lymphoid tissue located in the pharynx.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: clubbing. Plummer Vinson syndrome is characterized by the triad of dysphagia, iron deficiency anemia, and esophageal webs. Clubbing is not a typical feature of this syndrome. Angular stomatitis (A), splenomegaly (B), and post cricoid web (D) are all associated with Plummer Vinson syndrome. Angular stomatitis is due to iron deficiency anemia, splenomegaly can be present due to chronic anemia, and post cricoid web is a characteristic finding in the esophagus of patients with this syndrome.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Cooley's anemia is another term for thalassemia major, a genetic disorder affecting hemoglobin production. Step 2: Thalassemia major results in severe anemia due to the body's inability to produce enough functional hemoglobin. Step 3: Sickle cell anemia (Choice A) is a different genetic disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin shape. Step 4: High ESR (Choice C) is a non-specific marker of inflammation, not specific to Cooley's anemia. Step 5: Aplastic anemia (Choice D) is a condition where the bone marrow does not produce enough blood cells, not specific to Cooley's anemia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: Hepato-splenomegaly with lymphadenopathy is commonly seen in hematologic malignancies. Step 2: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) primarily presents with splenomegaly, but not lymphadenopathy. Step 3: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), lymphoma, and disseminated TB can all present with these findings. Step 4: Therefore, the correct answer is C - CML, as it does not typically present with lymphadenopathy. Other choices are incorrect as they can present with these symptoms.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (3-4 days) because the half-life of platinum is known to be around 3-4 days based on scientific research and studies. This means that within this time frame, half of the amount of platinum will decay or disintegrate. The other choices (A, C, D) are incorrect because they do not align with the established half-life value of platinum. Option A (1-2 days), C (5-6 days), and D (7-8 days) do not fall within the typical range of platinum's half-life duration as determined by scientific data and experimentation. Therefore, option B is the most accurate and scientifically supported choice for the half-life of platinum.