ATI RN
Pediatric Musculoskeletal Disorders Questions
Question 1 of 5
Volume depletion without renal insufficiency may cause a disproportionate increase in the BUN, with little or no change in the creatinine concentration. This increase in the BUN may be absent or blunted in a child with
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Poor protein intake reduces urea production, blunting BUN elevation, as BUN reflects protein metabolism.
Question 2 of 5
SJS is defined as epidermal detachment of less than 10 % of the body surface area, whereas SJS/TEN overlap has 10 % to 30 % and TEN has greater than 30 % body surface area involvement. Patients with Kawasaki disease have conjunctival injection and hyperemia of the mucous membranes but necrosis of the lesions does not occur; blistering, erosions, and severe crusting are not observed. The mucosal changes of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome are minor, and frank erosions are not present. The blistering of the skin is more superficial and favors intertriginous regions.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is defined by <10% epidermal detachment, SJS/TEN overlap by 10-30%, and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) by >30%, distinguishing it from other conditions like Kawasaki disease or staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome.
Question 3 of 5
Ultrasound is used for initial evaluation of infants with DDH. To avoid confusion with physiologic laxity, ultrasound should be obtained after the of age
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ultrasound after 6 weeks avoids false positives from physiologic laxity present in newborns.
Question 4 of 5
A 20-month-old child presented with symmetrical genu varum. His height is on the 10^{\text {th}} percentile, weight on 25^{\text {th}} percentile with no dysmorphic features. His calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase were normal for his age with no abnormal radiological findings. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Physiologic bowlegs are normal up to 24 months with no metabolic or radiographic abnormalities.
Question 5 of 5
Polydactyly (extra toes) is usually found on the initial newborn physical examination. It may be associated with the following malformation syndrome
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome is associated with polydactyly, among other features like broad thumbs.