Virilization is characterized by:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: excess facial hair. Virilization refers to the development of male secondary sexual characteristics in females due to increased androgen levels. Excess facial hair, known as hirsutism, is a classic sign of virilization. Buffalo hump (B) and truncal obesity (C) are associated with Cushing's syndrome, not virilization. Gonadal atrophy (D) refers to the shrinkage of the gonads and is not a typical feature of virilization.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The adrenal cortex secretes cortisol, the pancreas secretes insulin, and the adenohypophysis secretes growth hormone. Cortisol helps regulate metabolism, insulin controls blood sugar levels, and growth hormone stimulates growth. Choice A is incorrect because ADH is not secreted by the adrenal cortex, and aldosterone is not secreted by the pancreas or adenohypophysis. Choice B is incorrect because epinephrine is not secreted by the adrenal cortex, and ACTH is not secreted by the pancreas or adenohypophysis. Choice C is incorrect because androgen is not secreted by the pancreas or adenohypophysis, and ADH is not secreted by the adrenal cortex.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Secrete FSH. The hypothalamus produces releasing and inhibiting hormones that regulate the pituitary gland's secretion of hormones such as FSH. The hypothalamus itself does not secrete FSH. A, B, and C are functions of the hypothalamus as it is involved in regulating heart rate, temperature control, and water balance through various hormonal and neural pathways.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gonadal. The secretions from gonads (testes in males, ovaries in females) differ between males and females due to the production of sex hormones (testosterone in males, estrogen and progesterone in females). Adrenal glands (A) secrete similar hormones in both genders. Parathyroid (B) and Pancreas (D) do not secrete hormones that differ based on gender.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: lipid soluble. Lipid-soluble hormones can easily pass through the cell membrane and bind to intracellular receptors. This binding activates gene expression and affects protein synthesis within the cell. Water-soluble hormones, like choice B, bind to cell surface receptors and activate signaling pathways through second messengers (choice C). Proteins (choice D) are not hormones but rather macromolecules that can act as signaling molecules or receptors. Lipid solubility is crucial for hormones to exert their effects inside target cells, making choice A the correct answer.