ATI RN
Immune System Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
Vibrations from the sound waves are amplified by
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: All above. The vibrations from sound waves are amplified by the eardrum, Anvil (also known as the Incus), and Stirrup (also known as the Stapes), which are the three tiny bones in the middle ear. The sound waves travel through the ear canal and hit the eardrum, causing it to vibrate. The vibration is then transmitted through the Anvil to the Stirrup, which amplifies the vibrations and sends them to the inner ear. Each of these three components plays a crucial role in the process of amplifying sound vibrations for better auditory perception. Therefore, all three choices are correct in this context.
Question 2 of 5
In the late 1890s, 'cellularists' and 'humoralists' were intensively arguing about the key components driving the immune response. What was a crucial finding that led the humoralists to dominate the field in the following 50 years?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, the discovery that cell-free serum could transfer immunity. This finding led humoralists to dominate because it supported the idea of circulating antibodies in the serum being responsible for immunity. This concept aligned with the humoralist theory, which focused on the role of antibodies in immune response. The ability of cell-free serum to transfer immunity provided direct evidence for humoralists' beliefs. Choice A (The demonstration of the Germ Theory of disease) is incorrect because while it was a significant advancement in understanding disease, it did not directly impact the argument between cellularists and humoralists regarding the immune response. Choice C (The discovery of the tuberculin reaction) is incorrect as it was more relevant to the understanding of the immune response to tuberculosis specifically, rather than the broader debate between cellularists and humoralists. Choice D (The determination of the antibody structure) is incorrect because while understanding antibody structure is crucial, it did not have as direct an impact on the dominance of
Question 3 of 5
To which cellular location would you expect NFkB to move in macrophages that have been stimulated with LPS?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: To the nucleus. When macrophages are stimulated with LPS, NFkB is activated and translocates to the nucleus. In the nucleus, NFkB regulates the expression of genes involved in the inflammatory response. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because NFkB does not primarily move to the cytoplasm, phagosomes, or cell membrane in response to LPS stimulation in macrophages.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following complement proteins is not part of the membrane attack complex?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: C5a. C5a is not part of the membrane attack complex (MAC). The MAC consists of C5b, C6, C7, C8, and multiple C9 molecules. C5a is a chemotactic factor that attracts immune cells to the site of infection, while C5b initiates the formation of the MAC. Choices B, C, and D (C5b, C6, C7) are all components of the MAC and play crucial roles in the formation and function of the complex.
Question 5 of 5
A naïve lymphocyte:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Naïve lymphocytes have antigen receptors but have not been activated by antigen. 2. Activation is necessary for their differentiation into effector cells. 3. Naïve lymphocytes are considered mature as they have completed development. 4. They circulate in secondary lymphoid tissues, not just primary lymphoid tissues. Summary: Choice C is correct because naïve lymphocytes have antigen receptors but have not been activated by antigen. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because naïve lymphocytes do express antigen receptors, are considered mature, and can be found in both primary and secondary lymphoid tissues.