ATI RN
Basic Nursing Care Needs of the Patient PPT Questions
Question 1 of 5
Venous blood samples are often obtained in the pre-hospital setting for various tests to be performed at the hospital. What color tube stopper would a paramedic want to use if law enforcement at an accident requests the patients involved have their blood drawn at the scene to be tested for the possibility of alcohol intoxication at the hospital?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Gray. Gray tube stoppers are used for collecting blood samples for alcohol testing because they contain sodium fluoride, which preserves the blood sample and inhibits the growth of bacteria. This is crucial for accurate alcohol level measurement. Light blue, lavender, and green tube stoppers are used for different types of blood tests, not specifically for alcohol testing. Light blue is typically used for coagulation tests, lavender for complete blood counts and blood typing, and green for basic metabolic panels. Therefore, the paramedic would want to use a gray tube stopper in this scenario to ensure the accuracy of the alcohol intoxication testing.
Question 2 of 5
Motorcycle crash, noisy respirations, apneic, hematoma in pharynx, airway management?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Inserting an oropharyngeal airway" because noisy respirations and apnea indicate airway obstruction. Oropharyngeal airway can help maintain a patent airway by preventing the collapse of soft tissues in the pharynx. It does not require visualization of the airway (unlike nasopharyngeal airway or intubation methods), making it quicker and suitable for emergency situations. Surgical cricothyroidotomy is an invasive procedure and not indicated in this scenario. Fiberoptic-guided nasotracheal intubation is time-consuming and may not be feasible in a critical situation.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following signs is LEAST reliable for diagnosing esophageal intubation?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because an endotracheal tube (ETT) above the carina on a chest x-ray is the least reliable sign for diagnosing esophageal intubation. This is because the placement of the ETT above the carina does not definitively confirm that the tube is in the esophagus. The ETT could still be in the trachea but positioned above the carina. Symmetrical chest movement, bilateral breath sounds, and end-tidal CO2 presence by colorimetry are more reliable signs of proper endotracheal tube placement. Symmetrical chest movement indicates bilateral lung ventilation, bilateral breath sounds confirm the presence of air in both lungs, and end-tidal CO2 presence indicates effective gas exchange in the lungs.
Question 4 of 5
A 26 y/o seat-belted driver presents with diffuse abdominal tenderness and free air on abdominal films. The patient should:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, "Undergo prompt celiotomy." This is because the presence of free air on abdominal films in a seat-belted driver with diffuse abdominal tenderness indicates a likely intra-abdominal injury requiring surgical intervention. Prompt celiotomy allows for exploration of the abdomen to identify and repair any internal injuries. Choice A, peritoneal lavage, is not recommended as it does not provide definitive treatment for the underlying intra-abdominal injury. Choice C, contrast x-ray of the GI-tract, is unnecessary and delays definitive management. Choice D, observation for further evidence of intraabdominal injury, is not appropriate given the already identified signs of a serious abdominal injury that require immediate surgical intervention.
Question 5 of 5
Which one of the following statement is true?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale for Answer D: Cerebral blood flow is increased when PaCO2 is below 30mmHg --> below 50mmHg 1. Cerebral blood flow is primarily regulated by PaCO2 levels. 2. When PaCO2 is below 30-50mmHg, it causes cerebral vasoconstriction, reducing blood flow. 3. Higher PaCO2 levels above this range lead to cerebral vasodilation and increased blood flow. 4. Therefore, the statement that cerebral blood flow is increased when PaCO2 is below 30mmHg --> below 50mmHg is true. Summary: A: Incorrect - Hypertonic fluids, not hypotonic, are used to reduce brain edema in severe head injury. B: Incorrect - Elevated intracranial pressure can impair cerebral perfusion due to decreased pressure gradients. C: Incorrect - CSF can be displaced from the cranial vault in conditions like hydrocephalus or