Vasculitis can be caused by

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Vasculitis is inflammation of blood vessels, which can have various causes. In this case, the correct answer is C) penicillamine. Penicillamine is a medication used to treat conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and Wilson's disease but can also cause drug-induced vasculitis as a rare side effect. Option A) isoniazid is an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis and is not typically associated with causing vasculitis. Option B) sulfonamide is another type of antibiotic that can rarely cause vasculitis but is not a common cause compared to other drugs. Option D) calcium channel blockers are medications used to treat high blood pressure and angina, and while they can cause side effects, vasculitis is not a typical one. In a pediatric nursing context, understanding the potential causes of vasculitis is crucial for providing safe and effective care to children with this condition. Recognizing drug-induced vasculitis and being aware of the medications that can lead to it is essential for pediatric nurses to ensure early detection, appropriate management, and prevention of complications. This knowledge also highlights the importance of medication reconciliation and monitoring for adverse effects in pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding risk factors for persistent asthma is crucial for providing effective care. The correct answer, B) allergic conjunctivitis, is not a recognized risk factor for persistent asthma. Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways. Atopic dermatitis (option A) is linked to asthma due to shared allergic mechanisms. Elevated total serum IgE levels in the first year of life (option C) are associated with an increased risk of developing asthma. Peripheral blood eosinophilia >4% in 2-3 year-olds (option D) is also a risk factor as eosinophils are involved in the inflammatory response seen in asthma. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing common risk factors for pediatric asthma. By understanding these factors, nurses can provide targeted interventions and education to prevent asthma exacerbations and improve patient outcomes. It also emphasizes the need for thorough assessment and knowledge of pediatric respiratory conditions to deliver evidence-based care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the relationship between atopic dermatitis and food allergies is crucial. The correct answer is D) cow milk protein. Cow milk protein allergy is a common trigger for eczematous reactions in infants and young children with atopic dermatitis. Cow milk protein is a common allergen and can exacerbate skin issues in susceptible individuals. Option A) wheat is less commonly associated with eczematous reactions compared to cow milk protein. Option B) egg allergies can also trigger eczema but are not as prevalent as cow milk protein allergies in this context. Option C) fish allergies are more commonly associated with other types of allergic reactions rather than eczematous dermatitis in pediatric patients. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing common food allergens that can exacerbate skin conditions in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis. Nurses need to be aware of these associations to provide appropriate education to parents regarding dietary modifications and allergen avoidance to manage skin issues effectively. Understanding these relationships can improve patient outcomes and quality of life for children with atopic dermatitis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) penicillin. Serum sickness is a type III hypersensitivity reaction that occurs in response to certain medications, with penicillin being the most common culprit. Penicillin is known to trigger an immune response resulting in the formation of immune complexes that deposit in tissues, leading to serum sickness symptoms. Option A) gentamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and is not commonly associated with serum sickness. Option B) ceftiaxone is a cephalosporin antibiotic and is not a common trigger for serum sickness. Option D) carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant medication and is not typically implicated in serum sickness reactions. In the context of pediatric nursing practice, understanding the common medications that can lead to adverse reactions like serum sickness is crucial for providing safe and effective care to pediatric patients. Nurses need to be knowledgeable about medication side effects, allergic reactions, and hypersensitivity responses to promptly recognize and manage such situations in pediatric patients. This knowledge helps in ensuring the well-being and safety of pediatric patients under their care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the long-term complications of respiratory illnesses like bronchiolitis is crucial for providing effective care. In this case, the correct answer is A) Adenovirus. Adenovirus is associated with the development of bronchiolitis obliterans, a serious condition where the small airways in the lungs become inflamed and scarred, leading to long-term respiratory issues. Human metapneumovirus (Option B), Influenza virus (Option C), and Parainfluenza virus (Option D) are not typically associated with bronchiolitis obliterans. While these viruses can cause respiratory symptoms and complications, they are not commonly linked to the specific long-term complication mentioned in the question. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of differentiating between respiratory viruses and their potential long-term effects on pediatric patients. Nurses need to be aware of the specific associations between viruses and complications to provide comprehensive care and appropriate interventions for children recovering from bronchiolitis. Understanding these connections can help nurses monitor for signs of bronchiolitis obliterans and collaborate with healthcare teams to manage and prevent long-term respiratory issues in pediatric patients.