ATI RN
Chapter 26 principles of pharmacology Questions
Question 1 of 5
Vanishing cream is an ointment that may be classified as
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vanishing cream is an emulsion base (D), typically oil-in-water (o/w), disappearing on skin application as water evaporates, leaving a non-greasy film (e.g., cosmetic creams). Water-soluble bases (A) dissolve in water (e.g., PEG ointments), oleaginous bases (B) are greasy (e.g., petrolatum), and absorption bases (C) absorb water (e.g., lanolin). Option E (original) is invalid. This o/w emulsion enhances drug delivery (e.g., hydrocortisone) and patient compliance due to its aesthetic appeal, contrasting with greasy bases in topical formulations.
Question 2 of 5
Match the drug product below with the type of controlled-release dosage form that it represents
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A matrix device (A) matches Biphenamine Capsules (1), where drug release occurs via diffusion through an inert matrix (e.g., wax). Ion-exchange (B) fits Thorazine Spansule (2), releasing via resin binding. Hydrocolloid (C) suits Valrelease (3), swelling to control release. Osmotic system (D) matches Slow-K (4), using osmotic pressure. Coated granules (original E) are distinct. Matrix systems provide sustained release, balancing simplicity and efficacy, widely used for chronic conditions, minimizing peak-trough fluctuations.
Question 3 of 5
The rate of drug bioavailability is most rapid when the drug is formulated as a
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A solution (D) offers the most rapid bioavailability rate, as the drug is pre-dissolved, bypassing disintegration and dissolution (e.g., oral syrups absorbed in minutes). Controlled-release (A) delays release. Hard gelatin capsules (B) and tablets (C) require disintegration. Suspension (original E) is fast but slower than solutions. This immediacy maximizes absorption speed, ideal for acute conditions, though solutions may face stability or palatability challenges in formulation.
Question 4 of 5
All of the following statements about plasma protein binding of a drug are true except
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Option D is false; drugs highly bound to plasma proteins (e.g., warfarin) have a smaller V_D, as they stay in plasma, unlike tissue-bound drugs (e.g., digoxin, large V_D). Displacement increases V_D transiently (A), boosts free drug for filtration (B), and risks toxicity in highly bound drugs (C), all true. Option E (original) is replaced. Protein binding restricts distribution, reducing V_D, a key pharmacokinetic factor affecting free drug levels and potential interactions, critical in polypharmacy.
Question 5 of 5
Monomer units of proteins are known as
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Amino acids (C) are the monomer units of proteins, linked by peptide bonds (e.g., glycine in collagen), forming polypeptides via translation. Monosaccharides (A) build carbohydrates. Prosthetic groups (B) are non-protein enzyme parts. Purines (D) and nucleosides (original E) relate to nucleic acids. This biochemical foundation underpins protein drugs (e.g., insulin), where sequence dictates function, essential in pharmacology for therapeutic protein design and metabolism studies.