Use Naegele's rule to determine the EDD (estimated day of birth) for a patient whose last menstrual period started on April 12.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: To calculate EDD using Naegele's rule, add 7 days to the first day of the last menstrual period, then count back 3 months and add 1 year. For this question, starting with April 12, adding 7 days gives April 19. Counting back 3 months gives January 19 of the following year. Therefore, the estimated day of birth (EDD) is January 19. Choice B (19-Jan) is correct. Choice A (19-Feb): Incorrect as it does not follow the correct calculation method for Naegele's rule. Choice C (21-Jan): Incorrect as the calculation does not match the steps of Naegele's rule. Choice D (7-Feb): Incorrect as it does not align with the correct application of Naegele's rule.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: "Have you felt a fluttering sensation in your lower pelvic area yet?" This is the correct question to ask because feeling a fluttering sensation in the lower pelvic area is indicative of quickening, which typically occurs around 18-20 weeks of pregnancy. Quickening is an important milestone in pregnancy that signifies fetal movement. Palpating the fundus at the umbilicus suggests the pregnancy is around 20 weeks, so asking about quickening confirms fetal viability and normal development. Choice A is incorrect because fundal height does not correlate with ease of breathing. Choice B is incorrect as hearing the baby's heartbeat for the first time is not directly related to fundal height. Choice D is incorrect as unusual cravings are not typically associated with fundal height assessment.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Coping with common discomforts of pregnancy. Early pregnancy classes in the first and second trimesters focus on providing expecting mothers with strategies to manage common physical and emotional challenges during pregnancy. This includes information on dealing with nausea, fatigue, backaches, and emotional changes. Understanding and coping with these discomforts can help pregnant women have a more comfortable and healthy pregnancy. A: Methods of pain relief are typically covered in childbirth preparation classes closer to the due date, not in early pregnancy classes. B: The phases and stages of labor are usually discussed in depth in childbirth education classes taken later in pregnancy, not in early pregnancy classes. D: Prebirth and postbirth care of a patient having a cesarean birth is a specific topic that may be covered in a separate class for women who are planning or have been recommended to have a cesarean birth, not typically in early pregnancy classes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Effleurage. Effleurage is a type of massage technique involving long, gentle strokes on the skin. Massaging the abdomen with effleurage can help improve circulation, relax muscles, and promote digestion. Imagery (A) is a technique involving mental visualization, not physical touch. Mental stimulation (C) refers to cognitive activities, not physical touch. Thermal stimulation (D) involves the application of temperature changes, not massage. Therefore, effleurage is the most suitable choice for massage of the abdomen.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why answer D is correct: 1. Breathing techniques help in managing pain perception during labor. 2. By assisting the patient in breathing methods, she gains control over her pain perception. 3. Controlled breathing can help distract from the intensity of contractions. 4. By focusing on breathing patterns, the patient can stay calm and manage pain effectively. Summary: A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not address pain management directly through breathing techniques. Option A relies on distraction, B focuses on isolation rather than coping mechanisms, and C suggests heavy reliance on medication rather than self-control.