Uricosuric drugs are the following, EXCEPT:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Colchicine. Uricosuric drugs increase excretion of uric acid in the urine to treat gout. Colchicine is not a uricosuric drug; it is used to treat gout flares by reducing inflammation. Probenecid and Sulfinpyrazone are uricosuric drugs that work by inhibiting uric acid reabsorption in the kidneys. Aspirin at high dosages can compete with uric acid for excretion in the kidneys, so it can also have uricosuric effects.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Osmotic diuretics. These agents are not absorbed when given orally due to their large molecular size, which prevents them from passing through the gastrointestinal mucosa. They must be administered parenterally for effective absorption and distribution in the body to exert their diuretic effects. Loop diuretics (B) are well-absorbed orally in the gastrointestinal tract. Thiazide diuretics (C) are also absorbed when given orally and act primarily in the distal convoluted tubule. Potassium-sparing diuretics (D) can be absorbed orally and exert their effects in the collecting duct of the nephron.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Lincozamides primarily target anaerobic organisms and Gram positive cocci. 2. Choice D aligns with the target organisms and is therefore correct. Summary: - Choice A is incorrect as lincozamides do not demonstrate broad-spectrum bactericidal effects. - Choice B is incorrect as lincozamides do not primarily influence anaerobic organisms and Gram negative cocci. - Choice C is incorrect as lincozamides are more bacteriostatic than bactericidal.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because fluoroquinolones are effective in treating both urinary tract and respiratory tract infections caused by bacteria, as well as bacterial diarrhea. They have broad-spectrum activity against various bacteria commonly involved in these infections. Choice A is incorrect because fluoroquinolones are not typically recommended as a first-line treatment for urinary tract infections. Choice B is incorrect because fluoroquinolones are not commonly used to treat bacterial diarrhea. Choice D is incorrect because while fluoroquinolones can be used for respiratory tract infections, it is not their primary indication.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Zidovudine is an antiretroviral medication used to treat HIV. Step 2: Anemia and neutropenia are common unwanted effects of zidovudine due to bone marrow suppression. Step 3: Nausea and insomnia are also common side effects of zidovudine. Step 4: Hallucinations, dizziness, hypertension, vomiting, and peripheral neuropathy are not typically associated with zidovudine. Step 5: Therefore, the correct answer is B as it accurately lists unwanted effects of zidovudine based on its pharmacological profile.