ATI RN
Endocrine System in Pediatrics Questions
Question 1 of 5
Type 2 DM can be managed with lifestyle modifications, including nutrition therapy, increased exercise, and oral hypoglycemic agent (metformin); however, insulin therapy is necessary in special circumstances. Of the following, insulin treatment is required when there is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In type 2 DM, insulin is required when ketonuria indicates significant insulin deficiency or decompensation, beyond lifestyle or metformin control. Hyperglycemia (A, B) may be managed otherwise, and hyperkalemia (C) or hypophosphatemia (D) are not direct triggers.
Question 2 of 5
A 16-year-old female adolescent develops swelling at the anterior aspect of the neck with difficulty of the swallowing. Examination reveals a firm, nontender diffuse goiter with a pebble-like surface. Her mother has had a thyroid disease in early adulthood. Of the following, the MOST valuable test to confirm the diagnosis is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hashimoto thyroiditis, suggested by goiter and family history, is confirmed by elevated antithyroid peroxidase antibodies. Function tests (D) assess impact, while scan (A), biopsy (B), and ultrasound (C) are less specific initially.
Question 3 of 5
You are examining a 5-day-old neonate with ambiguous genitalia; there are no palpable gonads in the inguinal or genital area; the blood pressure is normal according to the age. Of the following, the NEXT step in the management of this neonate is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chromosomal study (karyotype) is the next step to determine genetic sex in ambiguous genitalia, guiding further evaluation. Imaging (A) and hormone tests (C, D, E) follow based on karyotype results.
Question 4 of 5
Renal osteodystrophy is usually due to secondary hyperparathyroidism. Of the following, the treatment incorrectly matched with the condition is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Renal osteodystrophy is usually due to secondary hyperparathyroidism. Alendronate sodium is used in adult osteoporosis, not renal osteodystrophy, which requires phosphate binders or vitamin D analogs.
Question 5 of 5
Metabolic disorders should be considered in all neonates presenting with the following EXCEPT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Metabolic disorders in neonates typically present with lethargy, poor tone, poor feeding, and seizures due to metabolic derangements. Hyperthermia is less characteristic, as these infants often have hypothermia from energy failure, making it the exception.