ATI RN
Questions for Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Type 2 alveolar cells are also called as___
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: septal cells. Type 2 alveolar cells are also known as septal cells because they are located in the alveolar septa. These cells are responsible for producing and secreting surfactant, a substance that helps reduce surface tension in the alveoli and prevents them from collapsing. Choice B, petal cells, is incorrect because there is no such term used to describe these cells. Choice C, Surfactant, is incorrect because surfactant is the substance produced by type 2 alveolar cells, not the name of the cells themselves. Choice D, respiratory cell, is incorrect because it is a vague term that does not specifically refer to type 2 alveolar cells.
Question 2 of 5
What is the primary function of carbonic anhydrase in the human body?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Catalyzing the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. Carbonic anhydrase helps maintain acid-base balance in the body by catalyzing the reversible reaction between carbon dioxide and water to form bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. This process is crucial in regulating pH levels in various bodily fluids. A: Breakdown of carbohydrates - This is not the primary function of carbonic anhydrase. Carbohydrate breakdown is primarily carried out by enzymes like amylase and sucrase. B: Regulation of blood sugar levels - Carbonic anhydrase does not play a direct role in regulating blood sugar levels, which is mainly controlled by insulin and glucagon. C: Facilitation of gas exchange in the lungs - While carbonic anhydrase indirectly affects gas exchange by regulating blood pH, its primary function is not to facilitate gas exchange in the lungs.
Question 3 of 5
Which statement made by a client with coronary artery disease after the nurse has completed teaching about the therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) diet indicates that further teaching is needed?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because red meat is high in saturated fat which can worsen coronary artery disease. Eating it more often contradicts the TLC diet's aim to reduce saturated fat intake. Choice A is correct as walnuts are heart-healthy. Choice B is correct as switching to skim milk reduces saturated fat. Choice C is incorrect as alcohol should be consumed in moderation, not daily.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse reviews the arterial blood gas results of a client and notes the following: pH 7.45, PCO2 30, HCO3 20. The nurse analyzes these results as indicating which condition?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Respiratory alkalosis, fully compensated. The pH is elevated (alkalosis) at 7.45. The low PCO2 of 30 indicates respiratory alkalosis. The HCO3 level of 20 is slightly below normal, indicating metabolic compensation. The body has compensated for the respiratory alkalosis by reducing the HCO3 level. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the given ABG results. A (Metabolic acidosis, compensated) would have low pH and HCO3 levels. C (Metabolic alkalosis, uncompensated) would have high pH and HCO3 levels. D (Respiratory acidosis, uncompensated) would have high PCO2 and low pH.
Question 5 of 5
All of the following shift the oxygen dissociation curve to the right EXCEPT
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin with a higher affinity than oxygen, shifting the oxygen dissociation curve to the left, not the right. Decreased pH, increased temperature, and increased 2,3 DPG all shift the curve to the right by decreasing hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen. This results in easier unloading of oxygen to tissues.