Two tests should be monitored for a patient currently on Warfarin. What are those two tests? Select ALL that apply.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: 1. INR (International Normalized Ratio): INR is the primary test used to monitor the effectiveness of Warfarin therapy. It measures the clotting tendency of the patient's blood in relation to a standard measurement. The INR target range for patients on Warfarin therapy varies depending on the reason for treatment, but typically falls between 2.0 to 3.0.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Digoxin is a medication commonly used to treat heart failure and certain types of irregular heartbeats. Its therapeutic effect includes increasing cardiac output, which helps improve the function of the heart. Digoxin also has the ability to slow down the heart rate, making it particularly beneficial for patients with conditions like atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. Therefore, among the options provided, Digoxin is the drug that has a therapeutic effect of increasing cardiac output and slowing heart rate.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Senna is a natural laxative commonly used to relieve constipation. Its primary mechanism of action is to stimulate the muscles in the intestines, leading to increased contractions and bowel movements. The evaluation of medication effectiveness for senna would typically focus on its ability to promote bowel movements and alleviate constipation. This would manifest as patients experiencing solid, formed bowel movements after taking senna. The options of decreased GI pain and irritation, healing of ulcers, and prevention of nausea and vomiting are not the primary expected outcomes when evaluating the effectiveness of senna as a medication for constipation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: When giving the drug Phenytoin, monitoring urinary pH is important because Phenytoin is known to be excreted by the kidneys. Changes in urinary pH can affect the concentration of Phenytoin in the body. Alkaline urine can increase the excretion of Phenytoin, potentially leading to subtherapeutic levels, while acidic urine can decrease excretion, potentially leading to toxic levels of the drug. Therefore, monitoring urinary pH helps ensure that Phenytoin levels are within the therapeutic range, minimizing the risk of either subtherapeutic or toxic effects. Monitoring for signs of toxicity, such as ataxia, nystagmus, and confusion, is also essential when administering Phenytoin.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: "Analgesic, Antipyretic" describes the pharmacologic class of the drug, indicating that it has pain-relieving (analgesic) and fever-reducing (antipyretic) properties. Pharmacologic class refers to the category or group of medications that have similar pharmacological effects or act on the body in a similar way. In this case, the drug is categorized as an analgesic and antipyretic, which defines its primary therapeutic actions.