ATI RN
Endocrine System Exam Questions Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
Two terms that are paired incorrectly are .
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because corticosteroids are produced by the adrenal cortex, not the adrenal medulla. Cortisol is a type of corticosteroid, making choice A incorrect. Androgens are indeed produced by the adrenal cortex, making choice B correct. Calcitonin is produced by the thyroid, not the adrenal cortex, making choice C incorrect. Therefore, the only pair that is incorrect is corticosteroid and adrenal medulla.
Question 2 of 5
Which gland is considered the most influential endocrine gland?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is considered the most influential endocrine gland because it controls the functions of other endocrine glands by secreting various hormones that regulate growth, reproduction, metabolism, and other bodily functions. It is often referred to as the "master gland" due to its crucial role in maintaining hormonal balance and homeostasis in the body. Rationale: A: Pineal gland - The pineal gland primarily regulates the sleep-wake cycle through the secretion of melatonin and is not as influential in overall endocrine function as the pituitary gland. C: Thyroid gland - The thyroid gland regulates metabolism through the production of thyroid hormones, but it does not have the same level of control over other endocrine glands as the pituitary gland. D: Adrenal gland - The adrenal gland produces hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which are important for stress response and metabolism, but it does not have the same regulatory influence over other
Question 3 of 5
A patient with Alzheimer's disease is taking an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor specifically approved for that indication, primarily because it is quite lipophilic and so enters the CNS well. Which of the following drugs is the patient most likely receiving?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Donepezil. Donepezil is a lipophilic acetylcholinesterase inhibitor approved for Alzheimer's disease due to its ability to enter the CNS effectively. It enhances cholinergic transmission by inhibiting the enzyme responsible for acetylcholine breakdown. Edrophonium is a short-acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used for diagnostic purposes, not for Alzheimer's treatment. Neostigmine and Pyridostigmine are not lipophilic and are primarily used for myasthenia gravis to enhance muscle strength, not for Alzheimer's disease.
Question 4 of 5
A 43-year-old woman with diagnosed myasthenia gravis presents with profound skeletal muscle weakness. We are unsure whether she is experiencing a cholinergic crisis or a myasthenic crisis, so we administer a usually appropriate dose of parenteral edrophonium. Assume the patient was actually experiencing a cholinergic crisis. Which of the following is the most likely response to the drug?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ventilatory distress or failure. Edrophonium is a short-acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used to differentiate between myasthenic and cholinergic crises. In a cholinergic crisis, which is an excess of acetylcholine, administering edrophonium can worsen symptoms due to further acetylcholine accumulation. This can lead to excessive stimulation of the respiratory muscles, resulting in ventilatory distress or failure. Choice A is incorrect because cholinergic crisis typically causes hypotension, not hypertension. Choice B is incorrect because edrophonium-induced tachycardia can worsen myocardial ischemia, not angina. Choice C is incorrect because increased ventricular automaticity would not be a common response to edrophonium in a cholinergic crisis.
Question 5 of 5
Propranolol is useful in the treatment of all of the following conditions EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker that slows the heart rate and reduces blood pressure. Heart block refers to a condition where the electrical signals in the heart are delayed or blocked. Propranolol can worsen heart block by further slowing down the heart rate, making it inappropriate for this condition. Therefore, the correct answer is C. A: Propranolol is used to treat hypertension by reducing blood pressure. B: Propranolol is effective in managing anxiety symptoms by blocking the physical manifestations of anxiety, such as rapid heart rate. D: Propranolol is beneficial in treating angina of effort by reducing the workload of the heart and improving blood flow to the heart muscle. In summary, the other choices (A, B, D) are correct uses of propranolol, making C the exception due to its potential to worsen heart block.