Two nurses are co-leading group therapy for seven clients in the psychiatric unit. The leaders observe that the group members are anxious and look to the leaders for answers. Which phase of development is this group in?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Initiation phase. In this phase, group members often look to leaders for guidance and are anxious as they are getting to know each other and establishing trust. During initiation, the group is forming and exploring roles and relationships. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Conflict resolution phase comes after the working phase and involves resolving conflicts that have arisen. C: Working phase is characterized by group cohesion, problem-solving, and goal achievement, not by anxiety and dependence on leaders. D: Termination phase occurs when the group is ending, not when it is forming and experiencing anxiety.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Sundowning. Sundowning refers to increased confusion and behavioral changes in clients with cognitive impairment disorders, typically worsening in the early evening hours. This phenomenon is believed to be influenced by factors such as fatigue, changes in light exposure, and disruption of the body's internal clock. Aphasia (A) refers to language difficulties, agnosia (B) is the inability to recognize objects or persons, and confabulation (D) is the production of false memories. These terms do not specifically relate to the described phenomenon of increased confusion in the early evening hours seen in sundowning.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: To explore a subject, idea, experience, or relationship. This therapeutic communication technique aims to encourage the client to express their thoughts, feelings, and needs freely. By asking the client how they can be helped, the nurse is inviting the client to discuss their concerns and preferences, allowing for a deeper exploration of their situation. This can help establish trust, build rapport, and facilitate a better understanding of the client's perspective. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect: A: Reframing the client's thoughts is not the primary purpose of this communication technique. B: Putting the client at ease is important, but not the main goal of asking this question. D: While showing active listening is essential, the main purpose of this question is to encourage the client to open up and share their concerns.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because it demonstrates empathy and validation of the client's experience without reinforcing the hallucinations. By acknowledging the client's reality while emphasizing the nurse's own perception, it helps the client feel understood and builds trust. Choice A is incorrect as it shifts the focus to the nurse's sister, minimizing the client's experience. Choice C is incorrect as it suggests avoidance rather than addressing the client's feelings. Choice D is incorrect as it dismisses the client's concerns and relies solely on medication without addressing the client's emotional needs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: The military culture values timeliness. The patient does not want to be late. The patient's behavior aligns with the values instilled in the U.S. Marine Corps, where punctuality is highly emphasized. This explains why the patient arrived early for the group activity, as being late goes against the core values of the military culture. A: The patient arriving early does not necessarily indicate a desire to lead the group. B: Securing a chair close to the group leader is not the most likely explanation for the patient's early arrival. D: The patient's behavior is more likely motivated by adherence to military values rather than seeking appreciation for self-importance. In summary, choice C is the best analysis as it directly relates the patient's behavior to their military background and the importance of timeliness in that culture.