Two months ago, Natasha's husband died suddenly and she has been overwhelmed with grief. When Natasha is subsequently diagnosed with major depressive disorder, her daughter, Nadia, makes which true statement?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Depression often begins after a major loss. Losing dad was a major loss. Rationale: Natasha's sudden loss of her husband is a significant life event that can trigger major depressive disorder. The stress and grief from the loss can lead to the development of depression. Summary of other choices: B: Bereavement and depression are not the same problem. While bereavement can lead to depression, they are distinct experiences. C: Mourning is a normal process of grieving and not considered pathological behavior. D: Antidepressant medications can be effective in treating depression, including depression triggered by a major loss.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because negotiating a conversation with the client to reduce alcohol use is a key component of brief interventions for alcohol abuse. The nurse's goal is to motivate the client to make positive changes in behavior. Asking questions about alcohol use (A) is important but not the primary focus. Pointing out inconsistencies (C) is more aligned with cognitive-behavioral therapy, not brief interventions. Helping the client change thinking patterns (D) is also important but not as directly related to the initial brief intervention process.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because NCLEX drag-and-drop test items typically show a split computer screen where candidates can drag and drop items into different categories or sequences. This format allows for interactive and hands-on assessment of the test taker's understanding and application of concepts. This feature helps simulate real-world scenarios and test critical thinking skills. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect: A: They can use every answer option if designed to do so. B: They can test prioritization by requiring candidates to organize information or actions in a specific order. D: They do not make up 50 percent of test items; the percentage varies, and they are just one of the item types used in the NCLEX exam.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Solution-focused brief therapy differs from other cognitive therapies by focusing on the functional aspects of the patient rather than solely on problems. This approach emphasizes strengths and solutions, aiming to help clients identify and build on their existing resources to achieve their goals. By focusing on the positive and functional aspects, solution-focused brief therapy promotes a forward-looking and goal-oriented approach. In contrast, other therapies may focus more on challenging the existence of problems (choice B), recognizing change as constant (choice C), or delving into past experiences (choice D).

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Perform weight bearing exercises. Weight bearing exercises help to strengthen bones, which is crucial for individuals with osteoporosis to prevent fractures. By engaging in weight bearing exercises, such as walking or lifting weights, the client can improve bone density and reduce the risk of fractures. Avoid crossing the legs beyond the midline (B) is not directly related to preventing injury in osteoporosis. Avoiding sitting in one position for prolonged periods (C) is important for preventing pressure sores but not specifically related to preventing injury in osteoporosis. Splinting the affected area (D) may be used in certain cases for support but does not address the primary preventive measure of strengthening bones through weight bearing exercises.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: A domain of information. In the multiaxial diagnostic system of the DSM-IV-TR, each axis represents a specific domain of information for assessing an individual's mental health. Axis I represents clinical disorders, Axis II represents personality disorders and mental retardation, Axis III represents general medical conditions, Axis IV represents psychosocial and environmental stressors, and Axis V represents global assessment of functioning. The other choices are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the purpose of the axes in the multiaxial diagnostic system. A does not align with the purpose of the axes being domains of information, B is not relevant as the axes are not experimental designs, and D is incorrect as the axes do not represent laboratory test findings.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it encourages the speaker to express their feelings and allows for open communication. It shows empathy and a willingness to understand the other person's perspective. A: A is an example of a leading question that assumes the speaker is angry due to someone else. B: B is an example of a judgmental question that implies the speaker's idea may be invalid. C: C is an example of a contradictory statement that may confuse the speaker and hinder communication.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Egocentrism. At the preoperational stage (2-7 years) in Piaget's theory, children struggle with understanding others' perspectives, known as egocentrism. In this case, the 4-year-old child's inability to consider another child's ideas about playing house reflects egocentrism. The child is only able to see things from their own point of view and struggles to understand that others may have different thoughts or viewpoints. This lack of perspective-taking is a key characteristic of egocentrism at this stage of cognitive development. Now, let's analyze why the other choices are incorrect: A: Object permanence - This concept is related to the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are not seen. It is typically developed in the sensorimotor stage (0-2 years), not in the preoperational stage where the child in the question falls. B: Reversibility and spatiality - Reversibility

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because the nurse's response reflects an attempt to communicate understanding of the patient's feelings, showing empathy. The nurse acknowledges the patient's sadness and difficulty, indicating she is trying to connect with the patient emotionally. This response validates the patient's emotions and demonstrates active listening. Choice B is incorrect because it focuses on the nurse's actions rather than the empathetic communication. Choice C is incorrect because the nurse's own experience is not the basis for empathy; it is the ability to understand and share the patient's emotions. Choice D is incorrect because while compassion and kindness are important, they do not directly relate to empathy in this scenario.