ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Practice B 2023 Questions
Question 1 of 5
Two days after admission, the nurse is reviewing laboratory results of the patient. Which is the most common electrolyte finding resulting from the administration of furosemide (Lasix)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Furosemide (Lasix) is a loop diuretic commonly used to treat conditions such as edema and hypertension by increasing urine output. One of the most common electrolyte imbalances associated with the use of furosemide is hypokalemia, which is a low level of potassium in the blood. This occurs because furosemide increases the excretion of potassium in the urine by inhibiting its reabsorption in the kidneys. Hypokalemia can lead to various symptoms such as muscle weakness, cramps, and cardiac arrhythmias, making it important for healthcare providers to monitor potassium levels closely in patients receiving furosemide.
Question 2 of 5
A patient has just received a prescription for an enteric-coated stool softener. When teaching the patient, the nurse should include which statement?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Enteric-coated medications are designed to resist dissolution in the stomach and release the active ingredient in the intestines. Chewing or crushing the tablet can compromise the coating, leading to premature drug release and potential irritation of the stomach lining. Therefore, the nurse should instruct the patient to swallow the tablet whole without chewing. Taking the tablet with orange juice or avoiding other medications is not necessary, and crushing the tablet is contraindicated. Proper administration ensures the medication's effectiveness and minimizes the risk of adverse effects.
Question 3 of 5
When administering a loop diuretic to a patient, it is most important for the nurse to determine if the patient is also taking which drug?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Loop diuretics, such as furosemide, can interact with theophylline, a medication commonly used to treat asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). When both drugs are taken together, it can lead to an increased risk of theophylline toxicity due to decreased theophylline clearance. This can result in symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, seizures, and cardiac arrhythmias. Therefore, it is crucial for the nurse to determine if the patient is taking theophylline before administering a loop diuretic to prevent potential drug interactions and adverse effects.
Question 4 of 5
A 13-year-old female presents with 3 months of easy bruisability and bone pain. Complete blood count shows extreme leukocytosis. She is diagnosed with ALL and begins a chemotherapy regimen. One of her chemotherapeutic drugs is cyclophosphamide. What should also be given to avoid a potentially serious side effect of cyclophosphamide?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cyclophosphamide in ALL risks hemorrhagic cystitis from acrolein, a toxic metabolite. Mesna binds acrolein, preventing bladder damage. Methylene blue , N-acetylcysteine , Ibuprofen , and Succimer (E) don't address this. Mesna's specificity ensures safe chemotherapy, critical in this young patient.
Question 5 of 5
A 20-year-old woman comes to the clinic for follow-up related to isotretinoin use. Which information from the iPLEDGE program will the nurse provide to the patient? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The iPLEDGE program is a risk management program for isotretinoin to prevent fetal exposure. Patients must review iPLEDGE educational materials (B) and provide a negative pregnancy test before each monthly refill (C). Two methods of contraception are required, not one (A). Informed consent is required (D is incorrect). A 30-day, not 60-day, supply is prescribed (E is incorrect).