ATI RN
Questions On The Urinary System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Tubular damage is indicated in the patient with acute renal failure by a urinalysis finding of
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tubular damage (intrarenal failure) impairs urine concentration, fixing specific gravity at 1.010 (isosthenuric, like plasma), unlike hematuria (variable causes), low sodium (prerenal), or low osmolality (not specific). This reflects lost tubular function, distinguishing intrarenal pathology, key for diagnosing acute tubular necrosis versus prerenal hypoperfusion.
Question 2 of 5
Signs and symptoms of chronic rejection of the kidney are caused by
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chronic rejection involves gradual vascular occlusion, reducing perfusion not recurrence (separate), T-cell attack (acute), or antibodies (hyperacute). This distinguishes chronic rejection's mechanism, key for long-term management, contrasting with acute processes.
Question 3 of 5
A patient with minimal change disease is least likely to have:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Minimal change disease (MCD) causes nephrotic syndrome: hypoproteinemia, edema, albuminuria, and hyperlipidemia but hypertension is less common (more in glomerulonephritis). This distinguishes MCD's presentation, key for differential diagnosis, contrasting with hypertensive nephropathies.
Question 4 of 5
The Renal blood flow is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Renal blood flow (20-25% cardiac output) decreases with sympathetic stimulation (vasoconstriction), not 5%, medullary dominance, or universal BP effect (autoregulated). This distinguishes renal hemodynamics, key for stress response, contrasting with flow distribution.
Question 5 of 5
In macula densa, the changes include all of the followings EXCEPT:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Macula densa cells (DCT) have darker nuclei, cilia, and cuboidal shape for sensing not loss of basement membrane (structural integrity). This distinguishes macula densa's role, key for tubuloglomerular feedback, contrasting with structural loss.