Triiodothyronine is preferred over thyroxine in the treatment of:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Triiodothyronine (T3) is preferred over thyroxine (T4) in the treatment of Myxoedema coma, which is a severe form of hypothyroidism that can lead to decreased mental function, hypothermia, and even coma. T3 has a faster onset of action and is more potent than T4, making it the preferred choice in emergency situations like myxoedema coma where rapid correction of thyroid hormone levels is crucial to prevent serious complications. In contrast, in conditions like endemic goiter, cretinism, and papillary carcinoma of thyroid, where long-term maintenance therapy is needed, thyroxine (T4) is usually the preferred choice because of its longer half-life and stability of serum levels over time.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Propranolol, a non-selective beta-blocker, is often used in hyperthyroidism as short-term symptomatic therapy to help manage symptoms such as tachycardia, tremors, and anxiety until the effect of carbimazole, an anti-thyroid medication, begins to take effect. Propranolol does not directly treat the underlying thyroid condition but can provide relief from some of the uncomfortable symptoms associated with hyperthyroidism. Once carbimazole starts to control the overproduction of thyroid hormones, the need for propranolol may decrease or even be eliminated. It is not typically used as long-term maintenance therapy or in cases where other anti-thyroid medications like carbimazole are effective.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Glucose entry into adipose tissue cells is highly dependent on the presence of insulin. Insulin plays a crucial role in promoting glucose uptake by inducing the translocation of glucose transporter proteins, particularly GLUT4, to the cell membrane of adipose tissue cells. This process allows the cells to take up glucose from the bloodstream, thereby regulating blood glucose levels. In the absence of insulin or in conditions of insulin resistance, such as in diabetes, glucose uptake by adipose tissue is impaired, leading to hyperglycemia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The most common adverse reaction to insulin therapy is hypoglycemia. Insulin works by lowering blood sugar levels, but if too much insulin is administered or not enough food is consumed, it can result in blood sugar levels dropping too low, leading to hypoglycemia. Symptoms of hypoglycemia include shakiness, sweating, confusion, irritability, dizziness, fast heartbeat, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness or seizures. It is important for individuals on insulin therapy to monitor their blood sugar levels regularly and be aware of the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia to address it promptly.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Regular insulin is the preferred choice for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) due to its rapid onset of action. Regular insulin is a short-acting insulin that can be started as an intravenous infusion for quicker correction of elevated blood glucose levels in DKA. It helps to reduce ketone production and promotes the uptake of glucose by cells, thus addressing both the hyperglycemia and ketosis seen in DKA.