Treatment of enuresis should include all of the following EXCEPT

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, the treatment of enuresis (bedwetting) is a crucial aspect of care. The correct answer, D) having the child launder the soiled sheets, is not an appropriate treatment for enuresis. This option is incorrect because making the child launder the soiled sheets as a form of punishment can lead to feelings of shame, guilt, and embarrassment, which are counterproductive and can worsen the condition. A) enlisting the cooperation of the child is important in the treatment of enuresis as it empowers the child and involves them in their care, leading to better outcomes. B) having the child void before retiring is a recommended practice to minimize the likelihood of bedwetting during sleep. C) using alarms is a common and effective strategy to help children wake up when they begin to wet the bed, eventually conditioning them to recognize the need to urinate and wake up to use the toilet. In an educational context, it is vital to emphasize positive and supportive approaches in the treatment of enuresis to promote the child's self-esteem and cooperation. Punitive measures, such as making the child launder sheets, can have negative psychological effects. Educating caregivers about appropriate treatment strategies and involving the child in a positive and understanding manner can lead to successful management of enuresis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) 99% of cases. Lead poisoning in children is often asymptomatic or presents with vague symptoms that can easily be overlooked. Screening procedures, such as blood lead level testing, are crucial in identifying children with lead poisoning early on, even before they develop clinical symptoms. This early detection allows for timely intervention to prevent further exposure and minimize health consequences. Option B) 79% of cases is incorrect because lead poisoning can occur without obvious clinical symptoms, making reliance on clinical recognition alone inadequate. Option C) 59% of cases is incorrect as it underestimates the importance of screening procedures in identifying lead-poisoned children who may not exhibit noticeable symptoms. Option D) 39% of cases is incorrect as it also downplays the significance of systematic screening in detecting lead poisoning cases, especially in asymptomatic children. In an educational context, it is crucial for healthcare providers, especially pediatric nurses, to understand the importance of routine lead screening in at-risk populations to ensure early identification and intervention. Emphasizing the reliance on screening procedures over clinical recognition can help prevent the long-term consequences of lead exposure in children.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding the use of antivenoms is crucial for managing venomous bites effectively. The correct answer, option B, states that it is not beneficial to give antivenom locally at the bite site. This is because antivenom works systemically and should be administered intravenously to reach the bloodstream and neutralize the venom circulating throughout the body. Option A is incorrect because antivenom is designed to neutralize venom wherever it may be circulating in the body, not just in the bloodstream. Option C is also incorrect as most antivenoms are indeed administered intravenously to ensure rapid distribution throughout the body. Option D is a distractor because while skin tests may have limitations, they are not directly related to the administration or effectiveness of antivenom therapy. In a pediatric nursing context, it is essential to administer antivenom promptly and correctly to prevent serious complications from venomous bites. Understanding the route of administration, mechanism of action, and potential side effects of antivenom is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients who have been bitten by venomous creatures. This knowledge can help nurses provide safe and effective care, potentially saving lives in emergency situations.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Allergic shiners represent dark circles under the eyes, making option C the correct answer. This physical characteristic is often seen in children with allergies due to the pooling of blood under the eyes resulting from nasal congestion and inflammation. The dark circles are a common sign of allergies in pediatric patients. Option A, an upward rubbing of the nose with an open palm, is incorrect as it describes a behavior that may occur due to nasal congestion but is not directly related to allergic shiners. Option B, continuous open-mouth breathing, is also incorrect as it is more indicative of respiratory distress rather than allergic shiners. Option D, a transverse crease of the nose, is associated with allergic salute, which involves upwardly rubbing the nose with the palm but is not specific to allergic shiners. Understanding these physical signs and symptoms is crucial for pediatric nurses to accurately assess and manage pediatric patients with allergies. Recognizing allergic shiners can aid in early identification and appropriate interventions to help alleviate symptoms and improve the child's quality of life.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) 6 yr. In pediatric nursing, understanding the age of onset for asthma is crucial for early detection and management. Asthma commonly presents in childhood, with around 80% of cases manifesting before the age of 6 years. This early onset is significant because it allows healthcare providers to intervene promptly, provide appropriate treatment, and educate both the child and their caregivers on managing the condition effectively. Option A) 2 yr is incorrect because while asthma can develop at this age, the majority of cases occur later, around 6 years old. Option B) 4 yr is also incorrect as it is still slightly early for the typical onset of asthma. Option D) 8 yr is incorrect because by this age, most asthmatic patients have already experienced symptoms and received a diagnosis. Educationally, understanding the age of onset for asthma helps nurses and healthcare providers in pediatric settings to recognize symptoms early, differentiate asthma from other respiratory conditions, and tailor treatment plans to suit the child's age and developmental stage. It also emphasizes the importance of proactive asthma management to improve quality of life and prevent exacerbations in pediatric patients.