Toys should be appropriate according to the age of the infant. It should also develop the infant's mental and physical ability as well. During the check-up, Brian, also 7-month old cried loudly. What toy should you give to Brian to stop him from crying?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of nursing interventions for pediatric respiratory distress, the correct answer is option B) Rattle. At 7 months old, infants are typically in the stage of cognitive development where they are exploring cause and effect relationships. A rattle provides auditory and visual stimulation, which can help distract and engage the infant, potentially calming them down. It can also aid in developing their hand-eye coordination and motor skills. Option A) Pacifier is a common soothing tool for infants, but in this scenario, the infant crying during a check-up may indicate a desire for more engagement or distraction rather than just a need for sucking. Option C) Cubes may be too advanced for a 7-month-old in terms of play and may not provide the immediate sensory input needed to calm the infant. Option D) Rubber ducky is more suitable for bath time play and may not be effective in stopping the infant from crying during a check-up. Educationally, understanding age-appropriate toys and their developmental benefits is crucial for healthcare providers working with pediatric patients. By selecting toys that align with the infant's developmental stage, nurses can not only provide comfort but also support the child's growth and learning. This knowledge empowers healthcare professionals to create a positive and engaging environment for pediatric patients, facilitating better interactions and outcomes during care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Failure to absorb nutrients because of the lack of pancreatic enzymes. Sonya's small stature is likely due to malabsorption of nutrients, specifically because of the lack of pancreatic enzymes needed for proper digestion and absorption of food. In conditions like cystic fibrosis, which commonly affects the pancreas, the lack of pancreatic enzymes can lead to poor nutrient absorption and ultimately result in stunted growth. Option A is incorrect because poor appetite and ingestion of less than normal quantities of food, while it can contribute to poor growth, typically would not result in as severe growth failure as seen in this case. Option C is incorrect because a deficiency in pituitary growth hormone would lead to a different pattern of growth failure, often with proportional short stature rather than the severe failure to thrive seen in pancreatic enzyme deficiency. Option D is incorrect because lack of motor activity leading to muscular and bony atrophy would not be the primary cause of Sonya's small stature in this context. Understanding the reasons behind growth failure in pediatric patients, especially in cases involving respiratory distress and malabsorption issues, is crucial for nurses caring for these patients. Recognizing the impact of pancreatic enzyme deficiency on growth can guide appropriate interventions and nutritional support to promote optimal growth and development in these children.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) result of the physical characteristics of Down syndrome. Infants with Down syndrome may exhibit hypotonia, which is decreased muscle tone. This characteristic can make them feel floppy or like a "rag doll" when being held, as described by the mother. This physical trait is a common feature of Down syndrome and can impact the infant's ability to engage in typical cuddling behaviors. Option A) sign of maternal deprivation is incorrect because the infant's behavior is related to their physical condition rather than maternal care or attachment issues. Option C) sign of detachment and rejection is incorrect as there is no indication of intentional rejection or detachment on the part of the infant. Option D) sign of autism associated with Down syndrome is incorrect because the behavior described is more closely linked to the physical characteristics of Down syndrome rather than autism. From an educational perspective, understanding the physical characteristics associated with genetic conditions like Down syndrome is crucial for healthcare professionals working with pediatric populations. Recognizing these traits can help nurses provide appropriate care and support to both the infant and their family, promoting better outcomes and enhancing the quality of care provided. This case highlights the importance of knowledge about developmental disorders and their impact on infant behavior.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Tape test prior to defecating. This test involves placing a piece of clear tape near the child's anus in the morning before they defecate. The tape is then examined under a microscope for pinworm eggs, which are indicative of an infection. This method is non-invasive, simple, and cost-effective, making it the most common and preferred test for diagnosing pinworms in children. Option A, three stool specimens at intervals of 4 days, is not the most common test for pinworms. While stool samples can sometimes be used to detect pinworm eggs, the tape test is more specific and reliable for diagnosing pinworm infections. Option B, observation for the presence of worms after the child defecates, is not a recommended diagnostic method. Pinworms are typically small and difficult to see with the naked eye, making this method unreliable for diagnosis. Option D, a lower GI series, is not typically used to diagnose pinworm infections. This imaging study is more invasive and not necessary for the diagnosis of pinworms, which can be easily confirmed through non-invasive methods like the tape test. In an educational context, understanding the most appropriate and commonly used diagnostic tests for common childhood infections like pinworms is crucial for nurses working in pediatric healthcare settings. By knowing the most effective methods for diagnosis, nurses can ensure accurate and timely identification of infections, leading to appropriate treatment and improved outcomes for pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Measles (rubeola) because Koplik spots are a specific symptom associated with measles. Koplik spots are small white or bluish-white spots with a red halo that appear inside the mouth on the buccal mucosa opposite the molars. They are considered a pathognomonic sign of measles. Option A) Chickenpox (varicella) is incorrect because it does not present with Koplik spots. Chickenpox typically manifests as a vesicular rash that starts on the trunk and spreads to the limbs. Option B) Rubella is incorrect because Koplik spots are not associated with rubella. Rubella is characterized by a fine, pink-red rash that starts on the face and spreads downward. Option C) Exanthema subitum (roseola) does not present with Koplik spots. Roseola is distinguished by high fever followed by a rash. Understanding the presence of Koplik spots in measles is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients with respiratory distress. Recognizing this symptom can aid in early identification and isolation of measles cases to prevent its spread in healthcare settings and communities. This knowledge is essential for providing safe and effective care to pediatric patients with communicable diseases.