Toxoplasmosis causes all of the following patterns

Question 1 of 5

Toxoplasmosis causes all of the following patterns of disease EXCEPT

A. congenital infection in neonates manifested by chorioretinitis, cerebral calcifications, and hydrocephalus due to first-trimester infection B. congenital infection in neonates who appear normal at birth but become blind in adolescence because they have retinal (macular) lesions that recrudesce at that time C. brain abscess that results in confusion, seizures, and paralysis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) D. congenital malformations, such as cleft palate, or patent ductus arteriosus

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Toxoplasmosis does not cause congenital malformations like cleft palate; these are more typical of rubella.

Question 2 of 5

All of the following are true of cat-scratch disease EXCEPT that

A. lymph nodes are tender in $80 \%$ of patients B. lymph nodes vary in size from 1 to $12 \mathrm{~cm}$ C. fever $\left(\geq 38.1^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\right)$ occurs in $90 \%$ of patients D. malaise and fatigue occur in $30 \%$ of patients

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Fever occurs in about 30-60% of cat-scratch disease cases, not 90%.

Question 3 of 5

An HIV-seropositive female comes to her physician for advice because she is pregnant. She has never been on any antiviral medication because she had remained healthy without symptoms of AIDS. However, she wonders whether antiviral treatment might diminish the likelihood of fetal HIV infection. Which one of the following statements is correct?

A. Treatment of the pregnant woman will produce maternal thrombocytopenia. B. Treatment will result in viral resistance in all infected infants. C. Treatment will decrease the likelihood of fetal infection but adversely affect the woman, so it should be avoided. D. Treatment will decrease the likelihood of fetal infection by greater than $50 \%$.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Antiretroviral therapy reduces vertical HIV transmission by over 50% with minimal maternal or fetal harm.

Question 4 of 5

In regions where penicillin-resistant pneumococci are prevalent, patients who are strongly suspected of having bacterial meningitis should receive which of the following antimicrobial agents added to ceftriaxone or cefotaxime for empirical antimicrobial therapy?

A. Clindamycin B. Azithromycin C. Vancomycin D. Streptomycin

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Vancomycin covers penicillin-resistant pneumococci in bacterial meningitis.

Question 5 of 5

A 16-year-old female has abrupt onset of high fever, vomiting, and diarrhea, with a diffuse sunburn-like rash, hyperemia of the pharyngeal and conjunctival membranes, oliguria, and postural hypotension. The most likely diagnosis is

A. hemolytic-uremic syndrome B. Kawasaki disease C. Rocky Mountain spotted fever D. toxic shock syndrome

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Toxic shock syndrome presents with fever, rash, and multisystem involvement including hypotension.

Toxoplasmosis causes all of the following patterns of disease EXCEPT

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