Tonny has undergoes a left thoracotomy and a partial pneumonectomy. Chest tubes are inserted, and one-bottle water-seal drainage is instituted in the operating room. In the postanesthesia care unit Tonny is placed in Fowler's position on either his right side or on his back. The nurse is aware that this position:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Fowler's position elevates the head of the bed and flexes the knees, which helps expand the chest for better lung ventilation. Step 2: In a partial pneumonectomy, lung function is compromised, so optimal ventilation of the remaining lung is crucial. Step 3: By placing Tonny in Fowler's position, the diaphragm descends, allowing for better expansion of the left lung. Step 4: This position facilitates ventilation of the left lung, aiding in oxygenation and preventing complications like atelectasis. Summary: Choice B is correct as Fowler's position helps improve ventilation of the remaining lung. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly relate to the specific benefits of Fowler's position for post-pneumonectomy care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Inotropic agents directly increase the force of cardiac muscle contraction, leading to improved ventricular contractility in heart failure. 2. Beta-adrenergic blockers reduce the heart rate and contractility, opposite of the desired effect. 3. Calcium channel blockers primarily affect vascular smooth muscle and do not directly enhance cardiac contractility. 4. Diuretics help reduce fluid overload in heart failure but do not directly impact ventricular contractility. Summary: A: Beta-adrenergic blockers decrease contractility. B: Calcium channel blockers do not enhance contractility. C: Diuretics help with fluid overload but do not improve contractility. D: Inotropic agents directly increase ventricular contractility, making them the correct choice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Release of tissue thromboplastin. In the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation, tissue thromboplastin (also known as tissue factor) is released in response to tissue injury, initiating the clotting cascade. This leads to the activation of factor VII and subsequent steps in the coagulation process. A: Release of Calcium is not specific to the extrinsic pathway and does not directly initiate the clotting cascade. C: Conversion of factors XII to factor XIIa is part of the intrinsic pathway, not the extrinsic pathway. D: Conversion of factor VIII to factor VIIIa is part of the intrinsic pathway, not the extrinsic pathway.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it demonstrates a clear understanding of the importance of hydration and monitoring symptoms in managing HHNS. By recognizing the signs of dehydration and the need to drink more fluids, the client can prevent complications. Choice B is incorrect because consuming soda with sugar can worsen the condition by raising blood glucose levels. Choice C is incorrect as it focuses solely on monitoring blood glucose levels without addressing the crucial aspect of hydration. Choice D is incorrect because eating a snack high in carbohydrates can exacerbate hyperglycemia, leading to further complications.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Maintaining room temperature in the low-normal range. For a client with Graves' disease, they may experience heat intolerance due to increased metabolism. Maintaining a cooler room temperature can help alleviate discomfort. Choice A is incorrect as restricting oral fluids can lead to dehydration, worsening symptoms. Choice B is incorrect as adding extra blankets can increase heat retention, exacerbating discomfort. Choice C is incorrect as limiting high-carbohydrate foods is not directly related to promoting comfort in Graves' disease.