Tom complains of hunger and lack of energy midmorning. What suggestion would be most helpful?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the most helpful suggestion for Tom's midmorning hunger and lack of energy would be option A) As a midmorning snack drink a glass of apple juice and eat a pear. This option is the most appropriate because it provides a balanced combination of simple and complex carbohydrates from the apple juice and pear, which can help alleviate hunger and boost energy levels effectively. Option B) Drink only coffee with sugar for breakfast is incorrect as it only provides a temporary energy boost from caffeine and sugar, which may lead to a subsequent crash in energy levels. Option C) Eat a sweet roll midmorning is not ideal as it is high in refined sugars and lacks the necessary nutrients for sustained energy levels. Option D) Drink a glass of orange juice and eat three pieces of toast for breakfast may provide some initial energy due to the sugars in the orange juice, but lacks the fiber and protein needed for long-lasting energy. Educationally, it is important to understand the role of balanced nutrition in maintaining energy levels throughout the day. Teaching individuals about the importance of choosing snacks that combine carbohydrates, proteins, and healthy fats can help them make informed decisions to support their energy needs. Encouraging the consumption of whole foods like fruits and whole grains can provide sustained energy and prevent energy crashes compared to sugary or processed snacks.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pharmacology education for nursing practice, evaluating a teaching plan for a patient being discharged is crucial to ensure understanding and compliance. Option C, comparing learning outcomes with objectives, is the correct choice. This is important as it allows the nurse to assess whether the patient has met the intended goals of the teaching plan, ensuring effective education delivery. By comparing outcomes with objectives, the nurse can identify any gaps in knowledge and provide additional support if needed. Option A, documenting the plan, is essential but does not directly assess the effectiveness of the teaching. Reporting to the head nurse (option B) is necessary for communication but does not evaluate the patient's learning. Asking the family what the patient has learned (option D) may not accurately reflect the patient's understanding and could lead to misinformation. In an educational context, understanding how to evaluate teaching effectiveness is vital for nurses to ensure patients have the knowledge and skills needed for self-care post-discharge. By comparing learning outcomes with objectives, nurses can tailor their teaching strategies to meet individual patient needs effectively.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Atropine sulfate is commonly used as a preoperative medication primarily to control secretions in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. This is because atropine is an anticholinergic medication that helps to dry up secretions by blocking the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors. Option A, increasing heart rate, is not the primary reason for giving atropine sulfate preoperatively. While atropine can increase heart rate by blocking the parasympathetic nervous system, this effect is not the primary indication for its use in this context. Option B, dilating pupils, is another potential effect of atropine due to its anticholinergic properties. However, pupil dilation is not the primary reason for administering atropine sulfate preoperatively. Option C, relaxing smooth muscle, is also a possible effect of atropine due to its anticholinergic properties. While this can be beneficial in certain situations, such as reducing spasms in the gastrointestinal tract, it is not the primary reason for giving atropine sulfate preoperatively. In the context of medical-surgical nursing, understanding the rationale behind the use of medications like atropine sulfate is crucial for providing safe and effective patient care. By controlling secretions with atropine, nurses can help prevent complications such as aspiration during anesthesia induction, making it a key component of preoperative medication administration.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is option D: Call the physician to obtain an order for intake and output. This choice is the most appropriate because Mrs. West is experiencing restless sleep and frequent bathroom visits postoperatively, which could indicate a potential issue with her fluid balance. By monitoring her intake and output, the healthcare team can assess her fluid status and make informed decisions about her care. Option A is incorrect as providing a backrub may offer some comfort but does not address the underlying issue of fluid balance. Option B, increasing the dosage of her hypnotic, is inappropriate as it would not address the root cause of her symptoms and could potentially lead to adverse effects or masking of important clinical signs. Option C, keeping intake and output with times and amounts, is a nursing intervention that can be implemented but in this case, involving the physician to assess and manage the situation is more critical. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing and addressing changes in a patient's condition postoperatively. It emphasizes the collaboration between nurses and physicians in managing patient care effectively, especially in situations where medical interventions may be necessary to ensure patient safety and optimal outcomes. Monitoring and managing fluid balance is a crucial aspect of postoperative care, and this scenario underscores the significance of timely and appropriate interventions in such situations.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and post-segmental resection for bronchiectasis, the most appropriate action for Mr. Jones is option A) Cough and deep breathe every 1-2 hours. This is crucial post-operatively to prevent complications such as atelectasis and pneumonia. Coughing helps clear secretions and maintains airway patency, while deep breathing aids in lung expansion and prevents respiratory complications. Option B) Limit fluid intake is incorrect as adequate hydration is important post-operatively to prevent dehydration and promote healing. Limiting fluid intake can lead to complications such as electrolyte imbalances. Option C) Lie flat in bed is incorrect as it can increase the risk of respiratory complications such as aspiration and decrease lung expansion. Proper positioning, including sitting upright or in semi-Fowler's position, promotes optimal lung function. Option D) Receive analgesia every 6 hours is incorrect as pain management is important post-operatively, but it is not the most crucial intervention in this scenario. Coughing and deep breathing take priority to prevent respiratory complications. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind post-operative care following segmental resection for bronchiectasis is essential for nursing practice. Nurses need to prioritize interventions that promote respiratory function and prevent complications to ensure optimal patient outcomes. Ongoing assessment and patient education are also vital components of post-operative care in this context.