ATI RN
Essential of Pediatric Nursing Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
To return a patient with hyponatremia to normal sodium levels, it is safer to restrict fluid intake than to administer sodium:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: It is safer to restrict fluid intake rather than administer sodium to return a patient with hyponatremia to normal sodium levels to prevent fluid overload symptoms. Restoring normal sodium levels in patients with hyponatremia requires caution to prevent rapid correction which can lead to osmotic demyelination syndrome. By restricting fluid intake, the dilutional effect on sodium levels can be reduced, aiding in a safer and more controlled correction of hyponatremia without causing fluid overload. Administering sodium can lead to rapid changes in sodium levels, increasing the risk of complications.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following method if used by Wilma will best assure that the tracheostomy ties are not too tightly placed?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Placing 2 fingers between the tracheostomy tie and the neck is a reliable method to ensure that the tie is not too tight. This technique allows for proper circulation around the neck area and helps prevent skin irritation or pressure ulcers from developing. It strikes a balance between securing the tracheostomy in place and maintaining the patient's comfort and safety. Checking for appropriate tightness by using the finger method is a standard practice in tracheostomy care to prevent complications related to excessive pressure or constriction.
Question 3 of 5
An elderly nursing home resident who has always been alert and oriented is now showing signs of dehydration and has become confused. Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely involved?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hyponatremia is an electrolyte imbalance characterized by low sodium levels in the blood. Sodium plays a crucial role in regulating the body's fluid balance and is essential for nerve and muscle function. Elderly individuals are at a higher risk of developing hyponatremia due to various factors, including medication use, reduced thirst sensation, and impaired kidney function.
Question 4 of 5
A patient visits her nurse practitioner (NP) after she has a cold for a week and is now experiencing a severe headache and fever. Her NP diagnoses a sinus infection. Which of the following additional symptoms is the patient likely to exhibit?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sinus infections, also known as sinusitis, are often characterized by symptoms such as congestion, facial pain or pressure, and nasal discharge. Facial tenderness over the affected sinuses, particularly when tapping on the area, is a common symptom associated with sinus infections due to the inflammation and buildup of mucus in the sinuses. This tenderness is often present in the cheeks, forehead, or around the eyes. The other symptoms mentioned in the choices (photophobia, chest pain, ear drainage) are less commonly associated with sinus infections compared to facial tenderness.
Question 5 of 5
A newly diagnosed patient asks what asthma is. Which of the ff. explanations by the nurse is correct?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Option A, "Your airways are inflamed and spastic," is the correct explanation of asthma. Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, which causes difficulty in breathing, coughing, and wheezing. The inflammation leads to the airways becoming extremely sensitive to various triggers, such as allergens, irritants, or exercise, resulting in spasms that further constrict the air passages. This constriction makes it challenging for air to move in and out of the lungs efficiently, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath. It is essential for the patient to understand that asthma is primarily an inflammatory condition rather than a structural or infectious problem.