To prevent xerophthalmia, young children are given Retinol capsule every 6 months. What is the dose given to preschoolers?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The correct dose for preschoolers to prevent xerophthalmia is 10,000 IU of Retinol every 6 months. This dosage is within the safe range for young children and is sufficient to meet their vitamin A requirements. Choices B, C, and D exceed the recommended dose for preschoolers, which can lead to toxicity and adverse effects. Therefore, choice A is correct as it provides the appropriate amount of Retinol to prevent xerophthalmia without risking vitamin A toxicity.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inability to drink. This indicates a danger sign that requires urgent referral to a hospital according to the IMCI assessment guide. Inability to drink can lead to dehydration and is a critical sign that the child may need immediate medical attention. High grade fever (B) is concerning but may not always require urgent hospital referral. Signs of severe dehydration (C) are serious but may not be as immediately life-threatening as the inability to drink. Cough for more than 30 days (D) is a chronic symptom and does not necessarily indicate an acute danger sign requiring urgent referral.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Get a specimen for blood smear. To determine malaria risk in an infant with fever, a blood smear is essential for diagnosing the presence of malaria parasites. This test directly visualizes the parasites in the blood, providing a definitive diagnosis. A: Doing a tourniquet test is used to assess for dengue fever, not malaria. B: Asking where the family resides may provide information on malaria endemic areas but does not confirm the diagnosis. D: Asking if the fever is present every day is not specific to malaria and does not provide a definitive diagnosis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because residual spraying of insecticides at night helps to kill mosquitoes that transmit malaria, reducing the risk of infection. This method targets the vector directly, interrupting the transmission cycle. A: Planting neem or eucalyptus trees may have some insect-repellent properties, but it is not a primary method of preventing malaria transmission. C: Determining endemic areas is important for overall prevention strategies, but it does not directly address secondary prevention measures like mosquito control. D: Growing larva-eating fish can help reduce mosquito larvae, but it is more of a primary prevention method rather than secondary prevention.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cough for 3 weeks. This indicates the need for sputum examination for Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) because a persistent cough for 3 weeks can be a symptom of tuberculosis, which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, an AFB. Sputum examination helps in diagnosing tuberculosis by detecting the presence of AFB in the sputum. Choice A (Hematemesis) is not indicative of the need for sputum examination for AFB as it suggests blood in vomit, which is not a typical symptom of tuberculosis. Choice B (Fever for 1 week) is nonspecific and can be caused by various infections, not specifically tuberculosis. It does not directly suggest the need for sputum examination for AFB. Choice D (Chest pain for 1 week) is also nonspecific and can be caused by various conditions, not specifically tuberculosis. It does not directly indicate the need for s