To prevent tissue hypertrophy or atrophy in an insulin-dependent diabetic, the nurse teaches the patient to

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) rotate injection sites. When administering insulin injections to prevent tissue hypertrophy or atrophy in an insulin-dependent diabetic, rotating injection sites is crucial. This practice helps to ensure that the same area is not repeatedly exposed to the insulin, which can lead to tissue damage or changes in fat distribution. Option A) using cold insulin is incorrect because the temperature of the insulin does not impact tissue hypertrophy or atrophy. Cold insulin may cause discomfort but does not address the issue of tissue changes. Option C) injecting the insulin directly into the fat is incorrect as it can lead to localized fat accumulation and uneven insulin absorption, which can affect blood sugar control. Option D) avoiding contaminating the needle is important for infection prevention but does not directly address the issue of tissue changes associated with insulin injections. Educationally, it is essential to teach patients about proper insulin injection techniques to prevent complications like tissue hypertrophy or atrophy. Emphasizing the importance of rotating injection sites during patient education can help promote optimal insulin absorption, reduce the risk of tissue damage, and improve overall diabetes management. This knowledge empowers patients to take control of their health and effectively manage their condition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the case of Mr. B, who has hypothyroidism and is starting thyroid hormone therapy, the indicator that the treatment is effective would be having normal serum thyroid hormone levels. This is the correct answer because the goal of thyroid hormone therapy in hypothyroidism is to restore the levels of thyroid hormones in the body to within the normal range. Normal serum thyroid hormone levels indicate that the therapy is successfully supplementing the deficient thyroid hormones in the body, thereby addressing the underlying cause of hypothyroidism. Option A, a decrease in weight, is not necessarily a direct indicator of effective treatment for hypothyroidism. While weight gain is a common symptom of hypothyroidism, weight loss may not be immediate or significant even with effective treatment. Option C, relief of fatigue, is a symptom of hypothyroidism that can improve with thyroid hormone therapy. However, it is a subjective measure and can be influenced by various factors other than the effectiveness of the treatment. Option D, increased appetite, is not a typical indicator of effective treatment for hypothyroidism. In fact, hypothyroidism is more commonly associated with a decreased appetite, so an increase in appetite would not necessarily indicate successful treatment. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind monitoring serum thyroid hormone levels in hypothyroidism is crucial for healthcare providers managing patients with this condition. It reinforces the importance of objective measures in assessing treatment efficacy and guides healthcare professionals in making informed decisions based on evidence-based practices.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Consulting a family member or the caregiver to confirm the drugs the client is taking. This is essential because older adults may have complex medication regimens, including over-the-counter medications and herbal supplements, which can have interactions or adverse effects during a diagnostic examination. By verifying the client's current medications with a family member or caregiver, the nurse can ensure accurate information and provide safe care. Option A) Consulting the physician is not the most appropriate choice in this scenario as the physician may not have immediate access to the client's complete medication history. It is more efficient to consult someone who is directly involved in the client's daily care. Option B) Consulting a family member or caregiver to confirm the client's diet history is not relevant to obtaining a drug history, which is the primary concern in this situation. Option C) Consulting the institution's procedure manual is not the best approach for obtaining an individual client's drug history, as this information is specific to the client and may not be documented in the manual. Relying on a manual could lead to inaccuracies in the medication information provided. In an educational context, this question highlights the importance of thorough medication reconciliation in older adults, emphasizing the need for healthcare providers to gather accurate and comprehensive information about a patient's medication regimen to ensure safe and effective care. It also underscores the significance of involving family members or caregivers in the care process to enhance communication and collaboration in managing the client's health.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is A) Eat a diet high in protein, low in refined carbohydrates. This is because individuals with Addison's disease have decreased cortisol production, which can lead to problems with blood sugar regulation. Eating a diet high in protein and low in refined carbohydrates can help stabilize blood sugar levels and prevent spikes and crashes. Protein is also crucial for muscle maintenance and repair, which can be important for individuals with Addison's disease who may experience muscle weakness. Option B) Consume two meals per day is incorrect because individuals with Addison's disease actually benefit from consuming multiple small meals throughout the day to help maintain stable blood sugar levels. Option C) Eat foods high in potassium is incorrect because individuals with Addison's disease are at risk of hyperkalemia (high potassium levels), so they should actually avoid foods high in potassium. Option D) Drink less than 1 L of fluid per day is incorrect because individuals with Addison's disease are often at risk of dehydration due to low aldosterone levels, so adequate fluid intake is important to prevent dehydration and maintain electrolyte balance. In an educational context, it is important for healthcare providers and nurses to understand the specific nutritional needs of individuals with Addison's disease to provide appropriate care and education. By understanding the rationale behind the correct nutrition instructions, healthcare professionals can help patients manage their condition effectively and improve their overall health outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the most appropriate patient for the LPN to care for is the 51-year-old patient with bilateral adrenalectomy who just returned from the post-anesthesia care unit (Option A). This choice is based on the specific needs of this patient following a surgical procedure that involves the removal of both adrenal glands. The patient would require close monitoring of vital signs, assessment for signs of adrenal insufficiency or adrenal crisis, wound care, pain management, and early detection of complications such as hemorrhage or infection. Option B, the 83-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, requires complex care management due to multiple chronic conditions, which may necessitate a higher level of nursing skill and critical thinking beyond the scope of an LPN. Option C, the 38-year-old patient with myocardial infarction preparing for discharge, may still require close monitoring and education on post-discharge care, which is often managed by a more experienced nurse. Option D, the 72-year-old patient with mental status changes admitted from long-term care, may need assessment and interventions related to altered mental status, which could involve complex care and coordination with other healthcare professionals. Assigning the patient with bilateral adrenalectomy to the LPN provides a learning opportunity for the LPN to develop skills in postoperative care, endocrine system management, and surgical recovery while ensuring the patient receives appropriate care under the supervision of the RN team leader. This decision aligns with the principles of effective delegation and patient safety, as it matches the patient's needs with the appropriate level of nursing expertise.