To prevent lichenification related to chronic skin problems, what does the nurse encourage the patient to do?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is A) Use measures to control itching. Lichenification is a skin condition characterized by thickened, leathery skin due to chronic irritation and scratching. By controlling itching, the patient can prevent further damage to the skin and minimize the risk of lichenification. Itching can exacerbate the skin condition, leading to more scratching and worsening of symptoms. Option B) Wear sterile gloves when touching the lesions is incorrect because while protecting the lesions from infection is important, it does not directly address the underlying issue of itching that leads to lichenification. Option C) Use careful hand washing and safe disposal of soiled dressings is important for infection control but does not directly address the prevention of lichenification. Option D) Use topical antibiotics with wet-to-dry dressings over the lesions is aimed at treating any secondary infections that may occur but does not address the primary concern of controlling itching to prevent lichenification. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to understand the importance of addressing itching in patients with chronic skin conditions to prevent complications like lichenification. Educating patients on itch management strategies, such as using moisturizers, avoiding irritants, and using prescribed medications, plays a significant role in managing their skin health effectively.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) Offer snack supplements, and frequent small feedings. This nursing measure is the most effective in combating nutritional depletion during chemotherapy for several reasons. Chemotherapy often causes nausea, vomiting, and anorexia, making it difficult for patients to consume regular meals. Offering snack supplements and frequent small feedings can help provide essential nutrients and calories in a more manageable way, increasing the likelihood of adequate nutritional intake. Option A is incorrect because reducing food intake may further exacerbate the issue of nutritional depletion, and increasing fluids alone may not address the caloric and nutrient needs of the patient undergoing chemotherapy. Option B is also incorrect because adjusting the diet to high-caloric, low-protein in the presence of leukopenia may not be appropriate as protein is essential for tissue repair and immune function. Weighing the patient three times a week, as mentioned in option C, is important for monitoring changes in weight but does not directly address the issue of combating nutritional depletion during chemotherapy. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to understand the challenges patients face in maintaining adequate nutrition during chemotherapy and to implement appropriate measures to support their nutritional needs. Providing education on the importance of regular, small feedings and offering snack supplements can significantly impact the nutritional status and overall well-being of patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer to the question "Which preparations form the mainstay of psoriasis treatment?" is B) Tar preparations. Tar preparations have been a traditional and effective treatment for psoriasis due to their ability to reduce inflammation, itching, and scaling of the skin. They work by slowing down the excessive skin cell growth characteristic of psoriasis, helping to alleviate symptoms and improve the appearance of the skin. Option A) Antibiotics are not typically used in the treatment of psoriasis because psoriasis is not caused by a bacterial infection. Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition characterized by an overactive immune response attacking the skin cells. Option C) Antifungals are used to treat fungal infections, not psoriasis. Psoriasis is not caused by a fungal infection, so antifungals would not be effective in managing psoriasis symptoms. Option D) Scabicides are used to treat scabies, which is a parasitic infestation of the skin caused by mites. Scabicides would not be an appropriate treatment for psoriasis as they target a completely different condition. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind the correct answer reinforces the importance of selecting treatments that target the specific mechanisms and symptoms of a condition. This knowledge is crucial for healthcare professionals when making informed decisions about patient care and treatment plans. It also highlights the need for accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment approaches in managing skin conditions like psoriasis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) checking his urine output every hour. When a patient like Mr. Aspen is receiving intravenous fluids, monitoring urine output is crucial to assess the body's response to the fluid therapy. Urine output is a direct indicator of kidney function and fluid balance in the body. An increase in urine output can indicate that the kidneys are functioning well and that the body is responding appropriately to the administered fluids. Option A) taking his temperature every 4 hours is not directly related to monitoring fluid shifts or kidney function. Temperature monitoring is more indicative of possible infection or inflammation. Option C) checking his urine for the presence of blood is important but does not specifically help in monitoring fluid shifts in this context. Option D) checking his abdomen for the presence of bowel sounds is relevant for assessing gastrointestinal function but does not directly monitor fluid shifts or kidney function. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind monitoring urine output in a patient receiving intravenous fluids is crucial for healthcare providers to ensure proper assessment and management of the patient's fluid status. By regularly monitoring urine output, healthcare providers can identify early signs of fluid imbalance and intervene promptly to prevent complications.