ATI RN
Pharmacology and the Nursing Process Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 9
To prevent infection in a patient with a subdural intracranial pressure monitoring system in place, the nurse should;
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Use aseptic technique for the insertion site. Aseptic technique is crucial for preventing infection when accessing or caring for an invasive monitoring system like a subdural intracranial pressure monitoring system. Aseptic technique involves maintaining a sterile field, washing hands, using sterile gloves, and using sterile supplies to minimize the risk of contamination. This is essential to prevent introducing harmful microorganisms into the patient's system. Using clean technique (B) or sterile technique only when cleansing the insertion site (C) may not provide adequate protection against infection. Closing leaks in the tubing with tape (D) is not an appropriate method for preventing infection and can lead to complications.
Question 2 of 9
A client takes prednisone (Deltasone), as prescribed, for rheumatoid arthritis. During follow-up visits, the nurse should assess the client for common adverse reactions to this drug, such as:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Fluid retention and weight gain. Prednisone is a corticosteroid that can cause fluid retention and weight gain as common adverse reactions. Here's the rationale: Prednisone is known to increase sodium and water retention in the body, leading to fluid retention and subsequent weight gain. This occurs due to the drug's impact on the body's electrolyte balance. Tetany and tremors (Choice A) are not common adverse reactions associated with prednisone use. Anorexia and weight loss (Choice C) are also not typical reactions, as prednisone is more likely to cause weight gain. Choice D, "None of the above," is incorrect as prednisone commonly causes fluid retention and weight gain as adverse reactions.
Question 3 of 9
During a routine checkup, the nurse assesses a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) for signs and symptoms of cancer. What is the common AIDS-related cancer?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Kaposi’s sarcoma. This is a common AIDS-related cancer caused by Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) in immunosuppressed individuals. It presents as purplish lesions on the skin and mucous membranes. Squamous cell carcinoma (A) is not specific to AIDS. Leukemia (B) and Multiple myeloma (C) are not commonly associated with AIDS. Kaposi’s sarcoma is the hallmark cancer seen in AIDS patients due to their weakened immune system.
Question 4 of 9
Which statement by a nurse indicates a good understanding about the differences between data validation and data interpretation?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because data validation involves comparing data with other sources to ensure accuracy. This process helps in identifying any discrepancies or errors in the data. By cross-referencing with other sources, the nurse can verify the correctness of the data. Rationale: 1. Data validation checks the accuracy of the data by comparing it with external sources. 2. Data interpretation involves analyzing and making sense of the data, not comparing it with other sources. 3. Option A is incorrect because data validation typically comes after data collection and precedes data interpretation. 4. Option B is incorrect as validation does not specifically involve looking for patterns in professional standards. 5. Option D is incorrect because data interpretation focuses on understanding trends and insights from the data, not patterns in professional standards.
Question 5 of 9
A client diagnosed with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS) is stabilized and prepared for discharge. When preparing the client for discharge and home management, which of the following statements indicates that the client understands her condition and how to control it?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it demonstrates an understanding of the key factors in managing hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS), which include avoiding dehydration and being aware of changes in urination, thirst, and hunger. This statement shows awareness of the importance of maintaining hydration and recognizing early signs of worsening symptoms. Choice B is incorrect as consuming sugary soda can exacerbate the condition by further increasing blood sugar levels. Choice C is incorrect because while monitoring blood glucose levels is important, it is not the primary method of preventing HHNS. Choice D is incorrect because consuming high-carbohydrate snacks can contribute to elevated blood glucose levels, which is counterproductive in managing HHNS.
Question 6 of 9
Which of the following blood types would the nurse identify as the rarest?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Blood type A is considered the rarest because it is less common in the general population compared to other blood types. The rarity of blood type A is due to the combination of genetic factors that determine blood type. In contrast, blood types B and O are more common in the population, while blood type AB is considered the universal recipient type and is therefore not the rarest. Blood type A is less prevalent, making it the correct answer in this scenario.
Question 7 of 9
The patient is having difficulty coping with her new diagnosis of lymphoma. Which response by the nurse is most helpful?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because it helps the patient explore her support system. By asking who she usually goes to when facing problems, the nurse encourages the patient to identify her sources of emotional support, which can help her cope with the new diagnosis. This response acknowledges the patient's need for support and fosters a therapeutic relationship. Explanation for incorrect choices: A: "Don't worry. You'll be okay." - This response dismisses the patient's feelings and offers false reassurance, which may not address her emotional needs. B: "The treatments you are receiving will make you feel better very soon." - While this statement provides information about treatment, it does not directly address the patient's difficulty in coping with the diagnosis. D: "Have you made end-of-life decisions?" - This response may be premature and could unnecessarily increase the patient's anxiety about her prognosis.
Question 8 of 9
A client is admitted for postoperative assessment and recovery after surgery for a kidney tumor. The nurse needs to assess for signs of urinary tract infection. Which of the ff measures can be used to help detect UTI?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Monitor temperature every 4hrs. This is crucial in detecting signs of urinary tract infection as fever is a common symptom. Monitoring temperature regularly allows for early detection and appropriate intervention. A: Encouraging the client to breathe deeply and cough every 2hrs is a measure to prevent respiratory complications postoperatively, not related to UTI detection. C: Splinting the incision when repositioning the client is important for wound care, not for detecting UTI. D: Irrigating tubes as ordered is a specific intervention for tube care, not for monitoring UTI symptoms.
Question 9 of 9
Which of the following examples of client data needs to be validated?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because validating the client's statement about not needing glasses is crucial for accurate data collection. This step ensures that the client's difficulty reading is not due to poor eyesight. - Choice B is about interpreting physical signs, not client data validation. - Choice C involves documenting objective findings, not validating client information. - Choice D pertains to a client's complaint, not necessarily requiring validation.