ATI RN
Gastrointestinal System Nursing Exam Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
To prevent gastroesophageal reflux in a client with hiatal hernia, the nurse should provide which discharge instructions?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Avoid coffee and alcoholic beverages. This is because both coffee and alcohol can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, leading to increased risk of gastroesophageal reflux in clients with hiatal hernia. A: Lying down after meals can actually worsen reflux symptoms by allowing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus. C: Taking antacids before meals may provide temporary relief but does not address the underlying cause of reflux. D: Limiting fluids with meals can help reduce reflux by not distending the stomach, but it is not as crucial as avoiding coffee and alcohol.
Question 2 of 5
A client returns from surgery with a sigmoid colostomy. An ostomy appliance is attached. The priority nursing diagnosis for daily observation and care is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Impaired skin integrity related to seepage. This is the priority nursing diagnosis because a colostomy appliance can lead to skin breakdown due to seepage of stool, which can cause irritation and skin breakdown. Maintaining skin integrity is crucial to prevent infection and promote healing. A: Diarrhea is not the priority as it is a common issue after colostomy surgery but can be managed with appropriate interventions. C: Impaired nutrition is not the priority as it is not specifically related to the immediate care of the colostomy appliance. D: Impaired physical mobility is not the priority as it is not directly related to the immediate care of the colostomy appliance. In summary, choice B is the correct answer because maintaining skin integrity is essential for the client's well-being and to prevent complications associated with a colostomy appliance.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse provides medication instructions to a client with peptic ulcer disease. Which statement, if made by the client, indicates best understanding of the medication therapy?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A Rationale: 1. Cimetidine (Tagamet) is an H2 receptor antagonist that decreases stomach acid production. 2. Peptic ulcer disease is often caused by excessive stomach acid. 3. By decreasing stomach acid, cimetidine helps to heal the ulcer and prevent further damage. 4. Understanding this mechanism of action demonstrates the client's comprehension of the medication therapy. Summary: B: Sucralfate does not change stomach fluid; it forms a protective barrier over the ulcer. C: Antacids neutralize stomach acid but do not coat the stomach. D: Omeprazole reduces stomach acid production, not coats the ulcer.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is developing a plan of care for a client who will be returning to a nursing unit following a percutaneous transhephatic cholangiogram. The nurse includes which intervention in the postprocedure plan of care?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Place a sandbag over the insertion site. This intervention helps maintain pressure on the puncture site, reducing the risk of bleeding or hematoma formation post-procedure. Placing a sandbag over the insertion site is a standard practice to ensure hemostasis and prevent complications. Explanation for incorrect choices: B: Allowing bathroom privileges only is unrelated to the specific care needs following a percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram. C: Encouraging fluid intake is a general nursing intervention and does not directly address the postprocedure care requirements for this specific procedure. D: Allowing the client to sit in a chair for meals is not a priority post-procedure and does not address the potential complications associated with the puncture site.
Question 5 of 5
The client with a new colostomy is concerned about the odor from stool from the ostomy drainage bag. The nurse teaches the client to include which of the following foods in the diet to reduce odor?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Yogurt. Yogurt contains probiotics that help maintain a healthy balance of gut bacteria, which can reduce the odor of stool in the ostomy drainage bag. Probiotics can also improve digestion and overall gut health. Broccoli (B) and eggs (D) can actually contribute to stronger odors due to their sulfur content. Cucumbers (C) are low in fiber and may not have a significant impact on stool odor.