ATI RN
Muscular System Exam Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
To make a banana split, you halve a banana into two long, thin, right and left sides along the
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The midsagittal plane divides the banana (or body) into equal right and left halves lengthwise, matching the split's vertical, midline cut. Coronal splits front-back, longitudinal is vague (often sagittal), transverse cuts horizontally. Midsagittal's symmetry, per planes, makes 'c' correct.
Question 2 of 5
Calcium is stored and released in skeletal muscle by the
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), a specialized endoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle, stores and releases calcium to trigger contraction. Surrounding myofibrils, it sequesters calcium via calsequestrin, maintaining low cytosolic levels (10^-7 M) at rest. Upon T-tubule-transmitted action potentials, SR terminal cisternae release calcium (rising to 10^-5 M) through ryanodine receptors, binding troponin to initiate actin-myosin interaction. The sarcolemma conducts the initial depolarization, not storage. T-tubules relay signals inward but lack storage capacity. Caveoli (likely a typo for caveolae) are membrane invaginations, irrelevant here. Myofilaments use calcium but don't store it. The SR's role, detailed in muscle physiology, is critical: its ATPase pumps reuptake calcium post-contraction, relaxing the fiber. Electron microscopy reveals its extensive network, ensuring rapid, uniform calcium spread, distinguishing it from signal-conducting or contractile structures in excitation-contraction coupling.
Question 3 of 5
When the patient returns to the unit from having had an arthrogram, which intervention will the nurse perform first?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: After an arthrogram, where contrast dye is injected into a joint, the priority is managing potential swelling or discomfort from the procedure. Applying ice packs reduces inflammation and numbs mild pain, addressing immediate post-procedure effects. Ambulating the patient might worsen swelling or discomfort before it's controlled. Passive range-of-motion exercises could irritate the joint further, especially without first reducing inflammation. Wrapping with an elastic bandage helps with support but doesn't directly address swelling as effectively as ice in the initial stage. Ice is the first step because it tackles the physiological response to the injection, setting the stage for subsequent interventions like compression or movement, ensuring patient comfort and recovery.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient who has had an arthrocentesis. The nurse has completed discharge instructions. Which statement by the patient indicates the need for further instruction?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Arthrocentesis, removing fluid from a joint, aims to relieve pressure and improve mobility. Saying the knee mustn't move for 1-2 weeks suggests misunderstanding, as gentle movement is typically encouraged soon after to prevent stiffness, with rest limited to a day or two unless specified otherwise. Steroids reducing inflammation is accurate, as they're often injected post-procedure. Expecting some pain aligns with recovery, as does wearing a bandage for 2-3 days for support. The prolonged immobility statement requires correction, as it contradicts the goal of restoring function, risking complications like adhesions further teaching ensures the patient balances rest and activity correctly.
Question 5 of 5
The patient, who is a legal secretary, asks the nurse how she can avoid developing carpal tunnel syndrome. The nurse suggests:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Carpal tunnel syndrome arises from median nerve compression in the wrist, often from repetitive typing without support. A wrist pad maintains a neutral position, reducing strain on the tunnel during prolonged work, a proactive ergonomic fix. Repetitive flexion exercises could worsen pressure on the nerve, increasing risk. Elastic bandages might restrict movement but don't address posture and could impair circulation. Warm compresses soothe but don't prevent the underlying mechanical stress. The pad targets the root cause poor wrist alignment making it the most effective suggestion for a secretary's daily typing demands.