To determine if the patient is in true labor, the nurse would assess for changes in

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: pattern of uterine contractions. This is because the pattern of contractions is a key indicator of true labor. True labor contractions are regular, increasing in frequency, duration, and intensity. Assessing the pattern helps differentiate true labor from false labor. A: Cervical dilation is important but may not necessarily indicate true labor as it can occur in false labor as well. B: The amount of bloody show is a sign of cervical changes, but it alone does not confirm true labor. C: Fetal position and station are important for labor progress but do not definitively confirm true labor. In summary, assessing the pattern of uterine contractions is crucial in determining true labor as it provides direct insight into the progression and intensity of contractions, distinguishing it from false labor.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because offering the patient a warm blanket helps prevent hypothermia, which can occur due to heat loss during the delivery process. This intervention promotes patient comfort and helps maintain their body temperature. Choice B is incorrect because placing an ice pack on the perineum is typically done in the immediate postpartum period to reduce swelling and discomfort, not during the fourth stage of labor. Choice C is incorrect because massaging the uterus if it is boggy is a postpartum intervention to prevent or treat uterine atony, not typically performed during the fourth stage of labor. Choice D is incorrect because delaying breastfeeding until the patient is rested is not necessary during the fourth stage of labor. Breastfeeding should be initiated as soon as possible after delivery to promote bonding and stimulate milk production.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Surge of energy. This is a sign of impending labor as some women experience a sudden burst of energy before going into labor, known as the "nesting instinct." Weight gain (A) is not a sign of impending labor, but rather a common occurrence throughout pregnancy. Increase in urinary frequency (C) is a common symptom in the third trimester but not a direct sign of labor starting. Dyspnea (D), or shortness of breath, can be a normal pregnancy symptom but is not specifically indicative of impending labor.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Anthropoid. In an anthropoid pelvis, the anteroposterior diameter is greater than the transverse diameter, giving it a long and narrow shape. This type of pelvis resembles the pelvis seen in higher primates. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Platypelloid pelvis has a transversely wide and short shape. B: Android pelvis has a heart-shaped inlet with a prominent sacrum and narrow pubic arch. D: Gynecoid pelvis has a round inlet and a wide pubic arch, typically seen in females and ideal for childbirth.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Second stage. In the second stage of labor, the cervix is fully dilated, and the woman experiences the urge to push. The intense rectal pressure reported by the patient indicates the baby's descent into the birth canal, a characteristic of the second stage. In contrast, in the first stage (choices A and C), the cervix is still dilating, and in the fourth stage (choice D), immediate postpartum period, the focus is on maternal stabilization.