To determine if chilling is the result of an emerging complication or of infusing cold blood, what action is essential?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pharmacology, especially in the context of transfusions, it is crucial to monitor the client's temperature before, during, and after the transfusion (Option A). This is essential because it allows healthcare providers to assess if chilling is due to an emerging complication, such as a transfusion reaction, or simply a result of infusing cold blood. Monitoring the temperature at these key points provides a comprehensive picture of the client's response to the transfusion, aiding in the early detection of any adverse reactions or complications. Options B, C, and D are incorrect for several reasons. Documenting the client's temperature only after the transfusion (Option B) does not provide a complete assessment and may miss crucial changes during the procedure. Documenting the temperature of the blood before the transfusion (Option C) is not as relevant in determining the cause of chilling in the client. Comparing the client's temperature with the temperature of the blood (Option D) alone does not provide a holistic view of the situation and may lead to misinterpretation of the client's condition. Educationally, understanding the importance of continuous temperature monitoring during transfusions reinforces the principles of patient safety and effective clinical assessment. It highlights the significance of timely and thorough monitoring in pharmacological interventions to ensure optimal patient outcomes and detect any complications promptly.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of wound healing, the correct answer is C) Maturation phase. This stage typically lasts from 21 days to several months, and sometimes up to 1 to 2 years. During this phase, the strength of the wound increases as collagen is synthesized by fibroblasts and broken down by collagenase enzymes, leading to scar remodeling and maturation. The incorrect options are: A) Inflammatory stage: This stage occurs immediately after injury and is characterized by inflammation, vasoconstriction, and the formation of a fibrin clot to stop bleeding. B) Proliferative phase: This phase follows the inflammatory stage and involves granulation tissue formation, angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and wound contraction. D) Approximation phase: This term is not commonly used in the context of wound healing stages. The actual term used is the Maturation phase, which focuses on collagen synthesis and remodeling. Educationally, understanding the stages of wound healing is crucial for healthcare professionals to assess and manage wounds effectively. Knowing the timeline and processes of each phase helps in determining appropriate interventions, monitoring for complications, and promoting optimal healing outcomes for patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Because the lesions may release more spores. Anthrax is a bacterial infection caused by Bacillus anthracis, which forms spores that can be released from skin lesions. By advising the client to avoid contact with others, the nurse is helping prevent the spread of these spores to other individuals, thus reducing the risk of secondary infections. Option A is incorrect because the primary concern is not the client being exposed to pathogens but rather preventing the spread of anthrax spores to others. Option B is incorrect as the main focus is not on causing distress or panic but on the transmission of the disease. Option D is also incorrect because while skin infection is one form of anthrax, the main reason for advising isolation is to prevent spore release and transmission. In an educational context, understanding the modes of transmission of infectious diseases such as anthrax is crucial for nurses to provide effective patient care and prevent the spread of illness in the community. By knowing the rationale behind isolation precautions, nurses can protect both the affected individual and the public from further harm.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of caring for a patient with Sophaged cancer, delegating tasks appropriately is crucial for efficient and safe patient care. The correct answer, option A, "Assist the patient with oral hygiene," can be delegated to the nursing assistant. This task falls within the scope of practice for a nursing assistant and is important for maintaining the patient's oral health, especially during cancer treatment that can impact oral mucosa. Option B, "Observe the patient's response to feedings," requires clinical judgment and assessment skills that are typically within the domain of licensed nursing staff. Monitoring a patient's response to feedings involves assessing for signs of dysphagia, aspiration, or other complications that require nursing intervention. Option C, "Facilitate expression of grief or anxiety," involves emotional support and therapeutic communication skills that are typically provided by nurses or other mental health professionals. Nursing assistants may offer comfort but should not lead or facilitate in-depth emotional discussions. Option D, "Initiate daily weights," requires accurate measurement, documentation, and interpretation of weight changes, which are clinical assessments that should be performed by licensed nursing staff to ensure accurate tracking of the patient's condition and treatment effectiveness. In an educational context, understanding the scope of practice for different healthcare team members is essential for effective delegation and optimal patient care outcomes. Nurses must delegate tasks appropriately based on individual competencies and legal regulations to ensure patient safety and well-being.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding the goals of treatment is crucial for patient education. In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Control. The primary goal of this type of treatment, which involves initial therapy followed by maintenance treatments and ongoing observation, is to control the condition rather than to cure it outright. This approach is commonly seen in chronic diseases where complete cure may not be possible, but managing symptoms and preventing complications are key. Option A) Cure is incorrect because the scenario mentions ongoing observation for signs and symptoms over a prolonged period, indicating that complete eradication of the condition is not the primary goal. Option C) Palliation is also incorrect as palliative care focuses on improving quality of life and managing symptoms in patients with serious illnesses, typically in advanced stages, rather than on prolonged courses of treatment with maintenance therapies. Option D) Permanent remission is not the primary goal in this scenario as it suggests a complete and enduring absence of disease activity, which may not be achievable or the main focus of the treatment plan outlined. Educationally, understanding the goals of treatment helps patients manage expectations, adhere to treatment plans, and actively participate in their care. It empowers patients to make informed decisions about their health and promotes a collaborative relationship with healthcare providers.