ATI RN
Fundamentals Patient Safety and Wound Care Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
To combat increasing ICP in a head injury, the body utilizes this principle:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Monro-Kellie Principle. This principle states that the total volume inside the skull remains constant, so an increase in one component (such as cerebral blood volume) must be compensated by a decrease in another (such as CSF volume) to maintain a normal ICP. This is crucial in head injuries to prevent dangerous elevations in pressure. B: Bernicke Principle does not pertain to intracranial pressure regulation. C: Fick Principle is related to cardiac output. D: Bernoulli's Principle is about fluid flow and pressure, not specific to ICP regulation.
Question 2 of 5
Principle of triage for 27 seriously injured in an aircraft accident:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: "Produce the greatest number of survivors based on available resources." This principle of triage, known as "maximizing the number of survivors," aims to save as many lives as possible by prioritizing treatment based on the likelihood of survival with available resources. By focusing on maximizing the number of survivors, it ensures efficient use of limited resources and increases overall survival rates. Other choices are incorrect because solely treating the most severely injured patients first (A) may not lead to the highest number of survivors, establishing a field triage area directed by a doctor (B) might not always be feasible in emergency situations, and rapidly transporting all patients to the nearest hospital (C) may not consider the severity of injuries or resource limitations.
Question 3 of 5
For the patient with severe traumatic brain injury profound hypocarbia should be avoided to prevent:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cerebral vasoconstriction with diminished perfusion. In severe traumatic brain injury, avoiding profound hypocarbia is important to prevent cerebral vasoconstriction, which reduces blood flow to the brain, worsening the injury. Hypocarbia causes constriction of cerebral blood vessels, leading to decreased perfusion and exacerbating brain damage. Respiratory alkalosis (A) and metabolic acidosis (C) are not direct consequences of hypocarbia in this context. Neurogenic pulmonary edema (D) is caused by increased permeability of pulmonary capillaries due to neurological insult, not by hypocarbia.
Question 4 of 5
A 52-year-old woman sustaining 50% total body surface burns in an explosion. She has burns around the chest and both upper arms. Adequate resuscitation is initiate She is nasotracheally intubated and is being mechanically ventilate Her CarboxyHb level is 10%. Her arterial blood gas reveals PaO2 of 40mmHg, PaCO2 of 60mmHg, and pH of 7.25. Appropriate immediate management at the time is to
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Ensure adequate tissue perfusion." In this scenario, the patient has sustained significant burns and is showing signs of respiratory distress with low PaO2, high PaCO2, and acidosis. Ensuring adequate tissue perfusion is crucial to optimize oxygen delivery to tissues. This can be achieved by optimizing hemodynamics, fluid resuscitation, and maintaining a balance between oxygen delivery and consumption. Increasing fluid resuscitation (choice B) may worsen the patient's respiratory status by causing fluid overload. Adding PEEP (choice C) may be beneficial in some cases but addressing tissue perfusion is more critical in this scenario. Reassessing for the presence of pneumothorax (choice D) is important but not the immediate priority in this case.
Question 5 of 5
Which one of the following injuries is addressed in the secondary survey?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Forearm fracture. In the secondary survey of trauma assessment, non-life-threatening injuries like forearm fractures are addressed after stabilizing life-threatening conditions. Forearm fractures may cause pain and disability but are not immediately life-threatening. Choices A, B, and D all involve injuries that require immediate attention in the primary survey due to the potential for severe bleeding, compromised airway, or unstable pelvic fractures leading to internal bleeding and other critical issues. In the secondary survey, attention is shifted to identifying and treating less urgent injuries like the forearm fracture.