ATI RN
Psychotropic Medication Side Effects Questions
Question 1 of 5
To assess the head control of a 4-month-old infant, the nurse lifts up the infant in a prone position while supporting his chest. The nurse looks for what normal response? The infant:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because at 4 months old, infants typically demonstrate head control by lifting their head and arching their back when placed in a prone position. This response indicates developing neck and back muscles strength. Option B is incorrect as extending the arms and dropping down the head does not demonstrate proper head control. Option C is incorrect as flexing the knees and elbows with a straight back is not indicative of head control. Option D is incorrect as holding the head at 45 degrees and keeping the back straight is not the expected response for assessing head control in a 4-month-old infant.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse knows that testing kinesthesia is a test of a person's:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Position sense. Kinesthesia is the awareness of the position and movement of body parts. Testing kinesthesia involves assessing a person's ability to sense the position of their limbs without looking. This test specifically evaluates the proprioceptive sense, which is crucial for maintaining balance and coordinating movements. Fine touch (A) refers to the sense of touch that detects pressure and texture. Motor coordination (C) involves the ability to perform smooth and precise movements. Perception of vibration (D) assesses the ability to sense vibrations and is not directly related to kinesthesia.
Question 3 of 5
A 56-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital with complaints of dizziness, visual changes, and difficulty speaking. The nurse should suspect a diagnosis of:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Transient ischemic attack (TIA). Given the patient's symptoms of dizziness, visual changes, and difficulty speaking, TIA is the most likely diagnosis. TIAs are temporary episodes of decreased blood flow to the brain, causing these symptoms. Other choices are incorrect because migraines typically present with headache, multiple sclerosis with neurological deficits over time, and brain tumors with progressive symptoms. In this case, the sudden onset and transient nature of symptoms point towards TIA.
Question 4 of 5
A patient has disorganized thinking associated with schizophrenia. Neuroimaging would most likely show dysfunction in which part of the brain?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Prefrontal cortex. Disorganized thinking in schizophrenia is linked to executive dysfunction, which is primarily controlled by the prefrontal cortex. This brain region is responsible for decision-making, planning, and cognitive control. Dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex can result in impaired reasoning and problem-solving abilities, leading to disorganized thinking. Brainstem (A) is primarily involved in basic functions like breathing and heart rate regulation, not higher cognitive functions. Cerebellum (B) is responsible for motor coordination, not higher-order thinking. Temporal lobe (C) is involved in memory and auditory processing, but not specifically associated with disorganized thinking in schizophrenia.
Question 5 of 5
A drug causes muscarinic-receptor blockade. A nurse will assess the patient for:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: dry mouth. Muscarinic-receptor blockade inhibits the activation of the parasympathetic nervous system, leading to decreased saliva production and dry mouth. Gynecomastia (B) is a side effect of antipsychotic medications, not muscarinic-receptor blockade. Pseudoparkinsonism (C) is a side effect of dopamine receptor blockade. Orthostatic hypotension (D) is a side effect of alpha-1 receptor blockade, not muscarinic-receptor blockade.