to 51mmHg compared with the previous results. Which statement by the student nurse indicates an

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because it demonstrates an understanding of the relationship between PaCO2 and blood pH according to the principles of acid-base balance. When PaCO2 is acutely elevated, it leads to respiratory acidosis, causing the blood pH to decrease below normal levels due to the accumulation of carbon dioxide. This indicates an acidic environment in the blood. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not address the direct relationship between PaCO2 and blood pH, which is crucial in determining the acid-base balance in a patient.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: homeostasis. Homeostasis refers to the balance and regulation of internal conditions within an organism, including the input and output of substances. It ensures stability and optimal functioning. Choice A is incorrect because the balance concept is too vague and does not specifically refer to substances. Choice C, metabolic pool, is incorrect as it relates to the total amount of a substance in an organism, not the relationship between input and output. Choice D, body reserves, refers to stored resources, not the relationship between input and output.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: amount of adipose tissue. Adipose tissue contains less water compared to muscle tissue, so individuals with higher adipose tissue percentages will have lower body water percentages. This influences overall body water content among individuals. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while total muscle mass and vasopressin secretion do play a role in body water regulation, they are not the primary factors influencing variation in body water percentage among individuals. Drinking habits also affect hydration levels but are not the primary determinant of body water percentage variability.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: intracellular fluid. This is because the majority of water in the body is found inside the cells, which make up the intracellular fluid compartment. This is where most of the body's metabolic processes occur. Synovial fluid (A), plasma (B), and interstitial fluid (C) contain smaller percentages of water compared to intracellular fluid. Synovial fluid is found in joints, plasma is the liquid part of blood, and interstitial fluid is the fluid between cells in tissues. Therefore, intracellular fluid holds the largest percentage of water in the body.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, blood vessel walls. Blood vessel walls separate the two types of extracellular fluid - interstitial fluid and blood plasma. This separation is crucial for maintaining homeostasis by regulating the exchange of nutrients, gases, and waste products between the bloodstream and surrounding tissues. The plasma membrane (choice A) is the boundary between the intracellular and extracellular environments of individual cells, not between the two types of extracellular fluid. The blood-brain barrier (choice B) is a specialized structure that separates the blood from the brain's extracellular fluid to protect the brain from harmful substances, not the two types of extracellular fluid. Transcellular membranes (choice D) refer to specific membranes within cells, not the separation between extracellular fluid types.