Tiny grape-like sacs within the lungs are called

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Alveoli. Alveoli are tiny grape-like sacs within the lungs where gas exchange occurs. Oxygen is taken in from the air and carbon dioxide is released. Atria (A) are chambers in the heart, not the lungs. Axilla (B) refers to the armpit area. Arteries (C) are blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, not within the lungs. So, the correct answer is D because alveoli are specifically responsible for gas exchange in the lungs.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Insulin reaction. Hypoglycemia refers to low blood sugar levels, often caused by excessive insulin. Insulin reaction is a common term for hypoglycemia due to the body's response to insulin. Peripheral neuropathy (A) is nerve damage, not related to low blood sugar. Diabetic retinopathy (C) is an eye condition caused by diabetes, not low blood sugar. Hypothyroidism (D) is a condition where the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough thyroid hormone, unrelated to blood sugar levels. Therefore, the correct answer is B as it directly relates to low blood sugar levels.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Physiatrist. A physiatrist specializes in rehabilitation medicine, focusing on improving the quality of life for patients with physical disabilities or impairments. They use a holistic approach to address functional limitations. Choice A, Psychiatrist, focuses on mental health. Choice B, Psychologist, specializes in mental processes and behavior. Choice D, Pulmonologist, specializes in respiratory conditions. Physiatrists are the only specialists in the list who specifically address physical rehabilitation needs.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diabetes. Diabetes can weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections like sepsis. High blood sugar levels in diabetes can impair immune response, increasing the risk of serious infections. Eczema (B), Otitis (C), and Chlamydia (D) are not directly associated with a higher risk for sepsis compared to diabetes. Eczema is a skin condition, Otitis is an ear infection, and Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection, none of which significantly impact the immune system's function to the extent that diabetes does.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Employers are required to test staff members for Tuberculosis (TB) as it is a contagious disease that can spread in the workplace. TB screening helps prevent outbreaks and ensures a safe working environment. Testing for sexually-transmitted infections and cancer is not typically required by employers unless related to occupational health risks. HIV/AIDS testing is also not mandatory unless there are specific job-related risks or requirements. TB testing aligns with workplace safety regulations and protects both employees and the organization.