Tiny grape-like sacs within the lungs are called

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Alveoli. Alveoli are tiny grape-like sacs within the lungs where gas exchange occurs. They are essential for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide during respiration. Atria (choice A) are chambers of the heart, not found in the lungs. Axilla (choice B) refers to the armpit region, unrelated to lung anatomy. Arteries (choice C) are blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, not within the lungs. Therefore, the correct choice is D as it directly relates to the structure and function of the respiratory system.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Insulin reaction. Hypoglycemia refers to low blood sugar levels, which can occur in individuals who take insulin or certain diabetes medications. An insulin reaction happens when blood sugar drops too low, causing symptoms like confusion, sweating, and weakness. Peripheral neuropathy (A) is nerve damage often seen in diabetes, not specifically related to low blood sugar. Diabetic retinopathy (C) is a complication affecting the eyes in diabetes, not directly related to low blood sugar. Hypothyroidism (D) is a condition caused by an underactive thyroid gland, not related to blood sugar levels.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Physiatrist. A physiatrist is a medical doctor who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation, focusing on improving function and quality of life for patients with disabilities or injuries. Psychiatrists (A) specialize in mental health, psychologists (B) focus on the study of behavior and mental processes, and pulmonologists (D) specialize in respiratory disorders. Physiatrists are trained to address the physical aspects of a patient's condition and develop comprehensive rehabilitation plans, making them the most appropriate choice for this question.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diabetes. Diabetes can compromise the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections like sepsis. High blood sugar levels in diabetes can weaken the body's ability to fight off infections, leading to an increased risk of developing sepsis. Eczema (B), Otitis (C), and Chlamydia (D) are not directly linked to an increased risk of sepsis compared to diabetes. Eczema is a skin condition, otitis is an ear infection, and chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection, none of which inherently elevate the risk of sepsis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why the correct answer (B) is Tuberculosis: 1. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that can spread in workplaces. 2. Employers have a duty to protect the health and safety of employees. 3. Testing for tuberculosis helps in early detection and prevention of its spread. 4. Screening for tuberculosis is a common practice in healthcare and high-risk environments. Summary: - A: Sexually-transmitted infections are not typically mandated for workplace testing. - C: Cancer is not infectious and does not pose a direct risk to coworkers. - D: HIV/AIDS testing may be required in certain healthcare settings, but tuberculosis testing is more common in workplaces.