Timing of an innocent murmur is usually:

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Question 1 of 5

Timing of an innocent murmur is usually:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Innocent murmurs are typically ejection systolic murmurs due to normal blood flow turbulence in a structurally normal heart. They are soft, vibratory, and heard best over the left sternal border, increasing with fever or excitement.

Question 2 of 5

Following diagnosis of initial attack of rheumatic fever (RF), RF is considered active if any of the following is present Except:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A prolonged PR interval may be a sign of past RF but does not necessarily indicate current activity.

Question 3 of 5

Characteristic physical signs of pneumothorax include:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pneumothorax, air accumulation causes lung collapse, shifting the mediastinum to the opposite side. Decreased breath sounds, hyperresonance on percussion, and absent fremitus are typical findings.

Question 4 of 5

A 3-day-old newborn develops jaundice with dark urine and pale stools. What is the most concerning diagnosis?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Biliary atresia is a progressive obstruction of the bile ducts, leading to jaundice, dark urine, and pale stools. It requires early diagnosis and surgical intervention (Kasai procedure) to prevent liver failure.

Question 5 of 5

Which of the following is the most common cause of early-onset neonatal sepsis?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of early-onset neonatal sepsis, typically acquired during birth from colonized maternal genital tracts. Prevention includes maternal intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis.

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