Tim presents with an acute episode of gout. You expect the physician to prescribe

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the case of acute gout, the correct treatment is option A) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications and colchicine. This is because gout is caused by the build-up of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading to inflammation and pain. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs help reduce inflammation and pain, while colchicine works by decreasing the inflammatory response to uric acid crystals. Option B) Allopurinol and aspirin is incorrect because allopurinol is used for long-term management of gout by lowering uric acid levels, not for acute episodes. Aspirin can actually worsen gout by increasing uric acid levels. Option C) Antibiotics and acetaminophen is incorrect because gout is not caused by an infection, so antibiotics are not indicated. Acetaminophen can help with pain relief but does not address the underlying inflammation caused by uric acid crystals. Option D) Bisphosphonates and calcium are unrelated to the treatment of acute gout. Bisphosphonates are used for osteoporosis and calcium supplementation is for bone health, not for gout management. Educationally, understanding the appropriate pharmacological management of acute gout is crucial for healthcare professionals to provide effective care and alleviate symptoms for patients. It is essential to differentiate between acute and chronic gout treatments to ensure optimal outcomes and prevent complications associated with this condition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In the context of treating chronic hepatitis C, the correct answer is B) Interferon and ribavirin. Interferon and ribavirin are the standard antiviral medications used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Interferon helps the body's immune system fight the virus, while ribavirin is a nucleoside analog that inhibits viral replication. Option A) Sulfasalazine is not used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Sulfasalazine is primarily used to treat inflammatory bowel diseases like ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Option C) Metronidazole or ciprofloxacin are antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections, not viral infections like hepatitis C. Option D) Acetaminophen is a pain reliever and fever reducer but has no direct antiviral activity against hepatitis C. Educationally, it is important for healthcare professionals to be aware of the appropriate medications for treating chronic hepatitis C to ensure optimal patient outcomes. Understanding the mechanisms of action and appropriate use of antiviral medications like interferon and ribavirin is crucial in managing patients with hepatitis C effectively. Awareness of the ineffectiveness of other medications like sulfasalazine, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and acetaminophen in treating hepatitis C is vital to avoid inappropriate prescribing and potential harm to patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) Passage of red or maroon-colored stool. Hematochezia refers to the passage of fresh blood in the stool, which presents as red or maroon-colored stool. This indicates lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Option A) Vomiting of bright red or maroon blood describes hematemesis, which is associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Option B) Passage of black, tarry stool describes melena, indicating digested blood in the stool from upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Option D) Coffee ground emesis is also related to upper gastrointestinal bleeding and not hematochezia. Educationally, understanding the different presentations of gastrointestinal bleeding is crucial for healthcare professionals, as it guides appropriate diagnostic and treatment interventions. Recognizing the specific symptoms can help determine the location and severity of the bleeding, leading to better patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Helping him identify triggers that cause asthmatic attacks and showing him how to avoid them. This response is the most appropriate because it focuses on asthma management through trigger identification and avoidance. By understanding what triggers the son's asthma attacks, the father can take proactive steps to minimize exposure to those triggers, thereby reducing the likelihood of future attacks. Option A is incorrect because asthmatic attacks can indeed be prevented or minimized through proper management strategies. Asserting that they cannot be prevented is inaccurate and may lead to a sense of helplessness in the father. Option B is incorrect as changing medication should be done under the guidance of a healthcare professional. It is not something that should be suggested without proper assessment and consultation. Option C is incorrect as moving to a dry climate is not a practical or evidence-based solution for preventing asthma attacks. Environmental factors differ from person to person, and triggers can exist in various climates. In an educational context, it is crucial to empower individuals with the knowledge and skills to manage chronic conditions like asthma effectively. By teaching patients and their families about trigger identification and avoidance, healthcare providers can help improve the quality of life for those with asthma and reduce the frequency and severity of attacks.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In wound care, using saline solution to clean a wound is the best practice. Saline is an isotonic solution that is gentle on the wound, helps to maintain a moist environment which supports healing, and does not damage the healthy tissue around the wound. It also helps to remove debris and bacteria without causing further harm. Using hydrogen peroxide (Option A) is not recommended as it can be cytotoxic to the wound bed, slowing down the healing process. It can also cause irritation to the skin surrounding the wound. Tap water (Option B) may contain impurities that can introduce infection to the wound. It is not sterile like saline solution. Option D suggests not disturbing a healing wound, but proper wound care involves cleaning to prevent infection and promote healing. Neglecting to clean a wound can lead to complications such as infection and delayed healing. Educationally, it is important for healthcare professionals to understand the principles of wound care to provide optimal patient outcomes. Teaching the correct methods of wound cleaning, such as using saline solution, helps to promote evidence-based practice and improve patient care.