Tick the unwanted effects of Metronidazole:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomatitis are common side effects of Metronidazole. Hypertension and disturbances of peripheral blood circulation are not typically associated with Metronidazole use. Therefore, choice A is the only option that accurately reflects the unwanted effects of Metronidazole.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Verapamil. Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker that can help prevent delayed cerebral ischemia by reducing vasospasm in the blood vessels in the brain. This is important in patients with blood in the subarachnoid space, as vasospasm can lead to decreased blood flow and subsequent ischemia. Isosorbide mononitrate (B) and Propranolol (C) are not typically used for preventing cerebral vasospasm. Dobutamine (D) is a positive inotrope and is not indicated for preventing cerebral vasospasm.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Amiodarone. Amiodarone is the most appropriate choice because it is a Class III antiarrhythmic drug that is effective in treating various types of arrhythmias, including ventricular and atrial arrhythmias. It works by prolonging the action potential duration and refractory period of cardiac tissue, helping to stabilize the heart's rhythm. Quinidine (A) is a Class I antiarrhythmic drug with potential side effects and limited efficacy. Verapamil (C) is a calcium channel blocker that is more suitable for treating certain types of supraventricular arrhythmias but not as effective for other types. Propranolol (D) is a beta-blocker that may be used for certain arrhythmias, but it is not as effective or versatile as amiodarone for treating various types of arrhythmias.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is C) Spironolactone. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that works by inhibiting the action of aldosterone, a hormone that regulates sodium and potassium balance in the body. By blocking aldosterone, spironolactone helps the kidneys retain potassium and excrete sodium and water, leading to diuresis while preventing potassium loss. Option A) Amiloride and option B) Triamterene are also potassium-sparing diuretics, but they work by directly blocking sodium channels in the distal tubule rather than inhibiting aldosterone. Therefore, they do not specifically target aldosterone action like spironolactone does. The educational context here is crucial for understanding the mechanisms of action of different diuretics and their specific targets in the body. Understanding how each drug works helps healthcare professionals make informed decisions when prescribing medications for patients with cardiovascular conditions or hypertension. It is essential for healthcare providers to have a solid grasp of pharmacology to ensure safe and effective patient care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of drugs affecting the cardiovascular system, the correct answer for the termination of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia is Verapamil (Option D). Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker that acts on the AV node to slow conduction, making it effective in terminating re-entrant supraventricular tachycardias like paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT). Digoxin (Option A) is primarily used for heart failure and atrial fibrillation but is not the drug of choice for terminating PSVT. Quinidine (Option B) is a class I antiarrhythmic agent that can be proarrhythmic and is not commonly used for PSVT termination. Propranolol (Option C) is a beta-blocker that can slow heart rate but is not as effective as Verapamil in terminating PSVT due to its mechanism of action. In an educational context, understanding the mechanism of action of different drugs is crucial in selecting the most appropriate treatment for specific cardiovascular conditions. Verapamil's specific action on the AV node and its efficacy in terminating PSVT make it the preferred choice in this scenario, highlighting the importance of drug selection based on mechanism of action and desired outcomes in clinical practice.