Tick the group of drugs for treatment of shock with hypovolaemia (reduced circulating blood volume):

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Plasmoexpanders. Plasmoexpanders are used to increase circulating blood volume in cases of hypovolemic shock. By increasing plasma volume, plasmoexpanders help restore tissue perfusion and improve blood pressure. Positive inotropic drugs (A) increase the force of heart contractions, vasoconstrictors (B) constrict blood vessels, and analeptics and tonics (D) stimulate the central nervous system - none of which directly address the issue of reduced circulating blood volume in shock. Plasmoexpanders are the most appropriate choice for treating hypovolemic shock as they specifically target the underlying cause of reduced blood volume.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Answer A is correct as it accurately defines inflammation as a localized protective response to irritation, injury, or infection. Pain, redness, swelling, and loss of function are typical characteristics. Answer B is incorrect as inflammation is not a deficiency of the immune response. Answer C is incorrect as it describes an autoimmune reaction, not inflammation. Therefore, the correct answer is A.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because H1 histamine receptors are primarily found in smooth muscle, endothelium, and the brain. Smooth muscle and endothelium are major sites of action for H1 receptors, regulating functions like vasodilation and bronchoconstriction. The presence of H1 receptors in the brain also plays a role in neurotransmission. Choice B is incorrect because gastric mucosa, cardiac muscle, and mast cells are associated with H2 histamine receptors, not H1. Choice C is incorrect because presynaptic H3 receptors are found in the brain, whereas H1 receptors are primarily postsynaptic. Choice D is incorrect because not all locations listed in the other choices are where H1 receptors are predominantly found.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Define hypervitaminosis as excessive intake of a vitamin leading to pathological effects. Step 2: Given definition matches the statement, making it True. Step 3: Other choices do not align with the definition; 'False' is opposite, 'All' and 'None' are generalizations not specific to the context. In summary, choice A is correct as it accurately reflects the definition of hypervitaminosis, while the other choices are incorrect due to being unrelated or too general.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Urokinase. Urokinase is an enzyme that plays a key role in the fibrinolytic system by converting plasminogen to plasmin, which degrades fibrin blood clots. Pepsin (A) is a digestive enzyme, L-asparaginase (C) is used in cancer treatment, and Lydaze (D) is not a known enzyme. Therefore, only urokinase (B) is directly involved in fibrinolysis, making it the correct choice.