Tick the drug used in aplastic anemia:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Epoetin alpha. Epoetin alpha is used in aplastic anemia to stimulate the production of red blood cells. In this condition, the bone marrow fails to produce enough blood cells. Epoetin alpha works by mimicking the action of erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production. Now, let's analyze the other choices: A: Fercoven - This is not a drug commonly used in the treatment of aplastic anemia. B: Cyanocobalamin - This is a form of vitamin B12 and is not typically used to treat aplastic anemia. D: Folic acid - While folic acid may be used in certain types of anemia, it is not the primary drug used in the treatment of aplastic anemia. In summary, Epoetin alpha is the correct choice as it directly addresses the underlying issue of inadequate red blood cell production in aplastic an

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Clonidine. Clonidine acts on vasomotor centers in the central nervous system (CNS) by stimulating alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, leading to decreased sympathetic outflow, resulting in reduced peripheral vascular resistance and ultimately lowering blood pressure. Labetalol (A) is a non-selective beta and alpha blocker, Enalapril (C) is an ACE inhibitor, and Nifedipine (D) is a calcium channel blocker, all of which work by different mechanisms to reduce blood pressure compared to Clonidine.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Stimulation of the metabolic processes in neurons. GABA derivatives act by enhancing neuronal metabolism, which helps improve brain circulation and function. This action supports the neurons' energy production and overall function. A: Decrease of vessel permeability is incorrect because GABA derivatives do not directly affect vessel permeability in brain circulation disorders. C: Brain vessel constriction is incorrect as GABA derivatives do not cause constriction of brain vessels but rather support neuronal function. D: Intracranial pressure increase is incorrect as GABA derivatives do not lead to an increase in intracranial pressure; instead, they support neuronal metabolic processes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: All of the above. Recombinant DNA techniques involve inserting the proinsulin gene into E. coli or yeast to produce human insulin. This is a common method used in commercial insulin production. Postmortem insulin extraction from human autopsy pancreas is also a valid source of human insulin, although it is less common due to ethical and practical considerations. Therefore, both A and B are valid sources of human insulin production, making option C the correct choice. Option D is incorrect because we have established that both A and B are valid methods for human insulin production.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pharmacology, understanding the duration of action of glucocorticoids is crucial for appropriate clinical decision-making. In the context of long-acting glucocorticoids, dexamethasone stands out among the options provided (Option B). Dexamethasone has a longer half-life compared to prednisolone (Option A) and triamcinolone (Option C). This extended half-life allows for less frequent dosing, making it a preferred choice in certain conditions requiring sustained anti-inflammatory effects over an extended period. Prednisolone, while effective, is classified as an intermediate-acting glucocorticoid with a shorter duration of action compared to dexamethasone. Triamcinolone is also an intermediate-acting glucocorticoid, not falling into the category of long-acting drugs. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of knowing the pharmacokinetic profiles of different drugs within the same class. Understanding the duration of action helps healthcare providers select the most suitable therapy based on the clinical needs of the patient. This knowledge is valuable in optimizing treatment outcomes and minimizing potential adverse effects associated with inappropriate drug selection or dosing regimens.